Test-quality audit: fix 2 prod bugs, strengthen weak tests, add mutation/fuzz/CI tooling (#5345)

* test(audit): add gremlins/rapid/coverage tooling + AUDIT.md scaffold * test(audit): hygiene sweep (race-clean except logger global; Finding #2) + smell inventory * test(audit): cover untested error/edge branches (TLS proxy+pin, migration tag cleanup=Finding #1) * test(audit): strengthen internal/sub link tests (dedup key, TLS/Reality mapping, clash well-formedness) * test(audit): property (rapid) + fuzz tests for joinHostPort/userinfo/pin/ParseLink * test(audit): tighten frontend subSortIndex rejection assertions + wire coverage * ci(audit): add shuffle gate + non-blocking race job (Finding #2) + fuzz-smoke; document mutation policy * chore(audit): gitignore frontend coverage output * test(audit): exhaustive whole-repo pass — strengthen 5 weak/fake tests (netproxy, CSP, modal per-protocol loops, schema coercions) * docs(contributing): add Testing section (conventions, race/shuffle, fuzz, mutation policy); drop AUDIT.md ledger * fix(logger,migration): guard logBuffer with mutex; execute legacy tag cleanup (tx.Exec); make CI race gate blocking * ci(mutation): add nightly scoped gremlins workflow (informational artifacts) * test(audit): strengthen runtime tests — baseURL scheme/port bounds, isNonEmptySlice, trafficReset * test(audit): strengthen clash tests — reality field mapping + tcp-header validation * test(audit): runtime — egress-proxy + content-type tests; drop redundant bp=='' branch * test(audit): strengthen link parser/helper tests (defaultPort, splitComma, base64, canonicalQuery, tls/reality/transport mapping) * test(audit): strengthen sub/xray/common/netsafe/mtproto/config/middleware tests (kill surviving mutants) * test(audit): raise timeout on protocol-iteration modal tests (heavy re-renders, slow on CI) * fix(logger): GetLogs returns at most c entries (off-by-one fix; addresses PR review) * perf(logger): snapshot logBuffer under lock so GetLogs doesn't block logging; clarify fuzz-seed docs (addresses PR review)
2026-06-18 10:17:36 +07:00 · 2026-06-15 15:17:03 +02:00
parent b5872af279
commit 7605902324
37 changed files with 2580 additions and 330 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Test
        run: |
          go list ./... | grep -v '/frontend/node_modules/' > /tmp/go-packages.txt
-          go test $(cat /tmp/go-packages.txt)
+          go test -shuffle=on -count=1 $(cat /tmp/go-packages.txt)

  codegen:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@ -69,6 +69,39 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run govulncheck
        run: govulncheck ./...

+  # Race + shuffle hygiene gate: data races and order-dependent tests fail the build.
+  race:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache: true
+      - name: Stub internal/web/dist for go:embed
+        run: mkdir -p internal/web/dist && touch internal/web/dist/.gitkeep
+      - name: Race + shuffle
+        run: |
+          go list ./... | grep -v '/frontend/node_modules/' > /tmp/go-packages.txt
+          go test -race -shuffle=on -count=1 $(cat /tmp/go-packages.txt)
+
+  # Brief native-fuzz smoke on the security-/parser-critical decoders. Each runs the
+  # generated corpus plus 30s of exploration; a crash here is a real input-handling bug.
+  fuzz-smoke:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache: true
+      - name: Stub internal/web/dist for go:embed
+        run: mkdir -p internal/web/dist && touch internal/web/dist/.gitkeep
+      - name: Fuzz critical parsers (smoke)
+        run: |
+          go test -run '^$' -fuzz 'FuzzParseLink$' -fuzztime=30s ./internal/util/link/
+          go test -run '^$' -fuzz 'FuzzDecodeCertPin$' -fuzztime=30s ./internal/web/runtime/
+
  frontend:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
--- a/.github/workflows/mutation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mutation.yml
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Mutation testing
+
+# Mutation testing (gremlins) is the objective check for "fake" tests: it mutates the
+# source and a surviving (LIVED) mutant means no test caught the change. It is SLOW, so it
+# runs nightly / on demand and scoped per package — never per-commit. It is informational:
+# no thresholds are set, so it reports survivors as artifacts without failing the build.
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 3 * * *" # 03:00 UTC daily
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  gremlins:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: sub
+            path: ./internal/sub/
+            exclude: ""
+          - name: runtime
+            path: ./internal/web/runtime/
+            exclude: ""
+          - name: link
+            path: ./internal/util/link/
+            exclude: ""
+          - name: database
+            path: ./internal/database/
+            exclude: 'dump_sqlite\.go'
+          - name: service
+            path: ./internal/web/service/
+            exclude: 'server\.go|xray\.go|inbound\.go|client_bulk\.go|inbound_traffic\.go|.*_postgres_test\.go'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache: true
+      - name: Stub internal/web/dist for go:embed
+        run: mkdir -p internal/web/dist && touch internal/web/dist/.gitkeep
+      - name: Install gremlins
+        run: go install github.com/go-gremlins/gremlins/cmd/gremlins@v0.6.0
+      - name: Run gremlins on ${{ matrix.name }}
+        run: |
+          OUT="mutation-${{ matrix.name }}.json"
+          if [ -n "${{ matrix.exclude }}" ]; then
+            gremlins unleash -E '${{ matrix.exclude }}' -o "$OUT" ${{ matrix.path }}
+          else
+            gremlins unleash -o "$OUT" ${{ matrix.path }}
+          fi
+      - name: Upload mutation report
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: mutation-${{ matrix.name }}
+          path: mutation-${{ matrix.name }}.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -236,6 +236,49 @@ For deeper notes on the frontend toolchain see [`frontend/README.md`](frontend/R
 | `internal/config/` | Environment-variable helpers, paths, defaults |
 | `x-ui/` | **Runtime data** — db, logs, xray binary, geo files (gitignored) |

+## Testing
+
+Tests live next to the code (`foo.go` ↔ `foo_test.go`); frontend specs and golden fixtures live in `frontend/src/test/`.
+
+### Go conventions
+
+- **Stdlib `testing` only** — no testify. Table-driven with `t.Run` subtests and `t.Helper()` on helpers.
+- **Assert the contract, not internals.** Pin the exact value / typed error / emitted string — not `err != nil` or `len > 0`. A test that still passes when the behavior is broken is worse than no test.
+- **Real dependencies over mocks.** Get a throwaway DB with `database.InitDB(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "x-ui.db"))` + `t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.CloseDB() })` (Windows-safe), and use `httptest` servers for HTTP. The `internal/sub` suite's `initSubDB(t)` is the template.
+
+### Running
+
+| Goal | Command |
+|------|---------|
+| Standard run | `go test ./...` |
+| Hygiene — data races + order-dependence | `go test -race -shuffle=on -count=1 ./...` (`-race` needs the C compiler from Prerequisites) |
+| Coverage gaps | `go test -coverprofile=cov.out ./<pkg>/... && go tool cover -func=cov.out` |
+| Fuzz a parser briefly | `go test -run '^$' -fuzz 'FuzzName$' -fuzztime=30s ./<pkg>/...` |
+
+Frontend: `cd frontend && npm run test` (vitest), or `npm run test -- --coverage`.
+
+### Property and fuzz tests
+
+Input-heavy or pure logic (link builders, parsers, decoders) is also covered by **property tests** (`pgregory.net/rapid`) and **native fuzz targets** (`go test -fuzz`). A fuzz target's **seed corpus** (its inline `f.Add` cases plus any `testdata/fuzz` entries) runs as ordinary subtests under a plain `go test` — no `-fuzz` flag needed — so CI's normal test job exercises the seeds; the time-boxed *fuzzing* exploration (`-fuzz=...`) runs separately as the `fuzz-smoke` job.
+
+### Mutation testing (optional, manual)
+
+[gremlins](https://github.com/go-gremlins/gremlins) checks whether tests actually fail when the code is mutated — a surviving (`LIVED`) mutant means a weak test. It is **slow**, so run it **scoped per package**, never repo-wide or per-commit:
+
+```bash
+go install github.com/go-gremlins/gremlins/cmd/gremlins@latest
+gremlins unleash ./internal/sub/
+gremlins unleash -E 'server\.go|xray\.go|inbound\.go|client_bulk\.go|inbound_traffic\.go|.*_postgres_test\.go' ./internal/web/service/
+```
+
+Treat each survivor as one of: a weak test (strengthen it), dead code (remove it), or an equivalent mutant (unkillable — leave it). Don't write a test purely to kill a mutant if it doesn't reflect real behavior.
+
+CI runs this for you nightly (and on demand) via `.github/workflows/mutation.yml` — scoped per package, results uploaded as artifacts. It is **informational**, not a gate (no thresholds), so check the reports when hardening a suite rather than waiting for a red build.
+
+### CI
+
+`.github/workflows/ci.yml` runs per PR: `go-test` (with `-shuffle -count=1`), a `race` job (`-race -shuffle -count=1`), a `fuzz-smoke` job on the critical parsers, and the frontend `typecheck`/`lint`/`test`/`build`. Snapshots are regression guards — regenerate them (`npx vitest run -u`) only for intentional output changes, never to make a red test green.
+
 ## Sending a pull request

 1. Branch off `main` (e.g. `feat/short-description`).
--- a/frontend/.gitignore
+++ b/frontend/.gitignore
@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ node_modules/
 .vite/
 *.log
 *.tsbuildinfo
+coverage/
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
        "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
        "@types/swagger-ui-react": "^5.18.0",
        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.2",
+        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.8",
        "eslint": "^10.4.1",
        "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.1.1",
        "globals": "^17.6.0",
@ -456,6 +457,16 @@
        "node": ">=6.9.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@bcoe/v8-coverage": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bcoe/v8-coverage/-/v8-coverage-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6zABk/ECA/QYSCQ1NGiVwwbQerUCZ+TQbp64Q3AgmfNvurHH0j8TtXa1qbShXA6qqkpAj4V5W8pP6mLe1mcMqA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@bramus/specificity": {
      "version": "2.4.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bramus/specificity/-/specificity-2.4.2.tgz",
@ -3364,6 +3375,37 @@
        }
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/coverage-v8": {
+      "version": "4.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/coverage-v8/-/coverage-v8-4.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lt3kovsyHwYe00wq4D1ti0Z974fWj4NLp6siqiyEufUpyFwK9Yhi7rBhac9JL5aA0zoMrJqc4vYPZRUnI7l7nw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@bcoe/v8-coverage": "^1.0.2",
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.1.8",
+        "ast-v8-to-istanbul": "^1.0.0",
+        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.2.2",
+        "istanbul-lib-report": "^3.0.1",
+        "istanbul-reports": "^3.2.0",
+        "magicast": "^0.5.2",
+        "obug": "^2.1.1",
+        "std-env": "^4.0.0-rc.1",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.1.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@vitest/browser": "4.1.8",
+        "vitest": "4.1.8"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@vitest/browser": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@vitest/expect": {
      "version": "4.1.8",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/expect/-/expect-4.1.8.tgz",
@ -3647,6 +3689,25 @@
        "node": ">=12"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul": {
+      "version": "1.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ast-v8-to-istanbul/-/ast-v8-to-istanbul-1.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0bC0/4bTSrnwdhU3IsZDwEdojvuPrSg59OYZfKsLRtJZ0u8VBx9DebfqqG8bRdCC0I7vjgxmPi41P0lpkhJHtA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.31",
+        "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
+        "js-tokens": "^10.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul/node_modules/js-tokens": {
+      "version": "10.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-tokens/-/js-tokens-10.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lM/UBzQmfJRo9ABXbPWemivdCW8V2G8FHaHdypQaIy523snUjog0W71ayWXTjiR+ixeMyVHN2XcpnTd/liPg/Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/asynckit": {
      "version": "0.4.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/asynckit/-/asynckit-0.4.0.tgz",
@ -4941,6 +5002,16 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/has-flag": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EykJT/Q1KjTWctppgIAgfSO0tKVuZUjhgMr17kqTumMl6Afv3EISleU7qZUzoXDFTAHTDC4NOoG/ZxU3EvlMPQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/has-property-descriptors": {
      "version": "1.0.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-property-descriptors/-/has-property-descriptors-1.0.2.tgz",
@ -5067,6 +5138,13 @@
        "node": "^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/html-escaper": {
+      "version": "2.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/html-escaper/-/html-escaper-2.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-H2iMtd0I4Mt5eYiapRdIDjp+XzelXQ0tFE4JS7YFwFevXXMmOp9myNrUvCg0D6ws8iqkRPBfKHgbwig1SmlLfg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/html-parse-stringify": {
      "version": "3.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/html-parse-stringify/-/html-parse-stringify-3.0.1.tgz",
@ -5320,6 +5398,45 @@
      "dev": true,
      "license": "ISC"
    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-coverage": {
+      "version": "3.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/istanbul-lib-coverage/-/istanbul-lib-coverage-3.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-O8dpsF+r0WV/8MNRKfnmrtCWhuKjxrq2w+jpzBL5UZKTi2LeVWnWOmWRxFlesJONmc+wLAGvKQZEOanko0LFTg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-report": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/istanbul-lib-report/-/istanbul-lib-report-3.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GCfE1mtsHGOELCU8e/Z7YWzpmybrx/+dSTfLrvY8qRmaY6zXTKWn6WQIjaAFw069icm6GVMNkgu0NzI4iPZUNw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.0.0",
+        "make-dir": "^4.0.0",
+        "supports-color": "^7.1.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-reports": {
+      "version": "3.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/istanbul-reports/-/istanbul-reports-3.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HGYWWS/ehqTV3xN10i23tkPkpH46MLCIMFNCaaKNavAXTF1RkqxawEPtnjnGZ6XKSInBKkiOA5BKS+aZiY3AvA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "html-escaper": "^2.0.0",
+        "istanbul-lib-report": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/js-file-download": {
      "version": "0.4.12",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-file-download/-/js-file-download-0.4.12.tgz",
@ -5832,6 +5949,47 @@
        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.5.5"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/magicast": {
+      "version": "0.5.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/magicast/-/magicast-0.5.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pVKE4UdSQ7DvHzivsCIFx2BJn1mHG6KsyrFcaxFx6tONdneEuThrDx0Cj3AMg58KyN4pzYT+LHOotxDQDjNvkw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.29.3",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.0",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.2.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/make-dir": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/make-dir/-/make-dir-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hXdUTZYIVOt1Ex//jAQi+wTZZpUpwBj/0QsOzqegb3rGMMeJiSEu5xLHnYfBrRV4RH2+OCSOO95Is/7x1WJ4bw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "semver": "^7.5.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "7.8.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.8.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rUCObTnP32Q08R2uuIrt7r9PlEonuTmtuXYcW6s5kjdlj3xbnwe+21yXptAUYcMAABLkYYTtnmzb3w3EDZfueA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/math-intrinsics": {
      "version": "1.1.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/math-intrinsics/-/math-intrinsics-1.1.0.tgz",
@ -7033,6 +7191,19 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-5Z9ZpRzfuH6l/UAvCPAPUo3665Nk2wLaZU3x+TLHKVzIz33+sbJqbtrYoC3KD4/uVOr2Zp+L0LySezP9OHV9yA==",
      "license": "MIT"
    },
+    "node_modules/supports-color": {
+      "version": "7.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-7.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qpCAvRl9stuOHveKsn7HncJRvv501qIacKzQlO/+Lwxc9+0q2wLyv4Dfvt80/DPn2pqOBsJdDiogXGR9+OvwRw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "has-flag": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/swagger-client": {
      "version": "3.37.4",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/swagger-client/-/swagger-client-3.37.4.tgz",
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
    "@types/swagger-ui-react": "^5.18.0",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.2",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.8",
    "eslint": "^10.4.1",
    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.1.1",
    "globals": "^17.6.0",
@ -73,4 +74,4 @@
    "core-js-pure": false,
    "tree-sitter-json": false
  }
-}
+}
--- a/frontend/src/test/snapshots/inbound-form-modal.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/frontend/src/test/snapshots/inbound-form-modal.test.tsx.snap
@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > http 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > hysteria 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > mixed 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > shadowsocks 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > trojan 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > tun 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > tunnel 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > vless 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > vmess 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`InboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > wireguard 1`] = `
-[
-  "Enabled",
-  "Remark",
-  "Protocol",
-  "Address",
-  "Share address strategy",
-  "Subscription sort order",
-  "Port",
-  "Total Flow",
-  "Traffic Reset",
-  "Duration",
-  "Enabled",
-]
-`;
--- a/frontend/src/test/snapshots/outbound-form-modal.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/frontend/src/test/snapshots/outbound-form-modal.test.tsx.snap
@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > blackhole 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > dns 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > freedom 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > hysteria 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > shadowsocks 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > socks 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > trojan 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > vless 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > vmess 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`OutboundFormModal > field structure is stable for every protocol > wireguard 1`] = `
-[
-  "Protocol",
-  "Tag",
-  "Send Through",
-  "Address",
-  "Port",
-  "ID",
-  "Encryption",
-  "Reverse tag",
-  "Mux",
-]
-`;
--- a/frontend/src/test/inbound-form-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/test/inbound-form-adapter.test.ts
@ -289,8 +289,18 @@ describe('subSortIndex', () => {
  });

  it('InboundDbFieldsSchema enforces an integer minimum of 1 and defaults to 1', () => {
-    expect(InboundDbFieldsSchema.partial().safeParse({ subSortIndex: 1.5 }).success).toBe(false);
-    expect(InboundDbFieldsSchema.partial().safeParse({ subSortIndex: 0 }).success).toBe(false);
+    // Reject for the RIGHT reason: the issue must be about subSortIndex, not some
+    // unrelated field — otherwise a schema that rejects everything would pass.
+    const nonInt = InboundDbFieldsSchema.partial().safeParse({ subSortIndex: 1.5 });
+    expect(nonInt.success).toBe(false);
+    if (!nonInt.success) expect(nonInt.error.issues[0]?.path).toContain('subSortIndex');
+
+    const belowMin = InboundDbFieldsSchema.partial().safeParse({ subSortIndex: 0 });
+    expect(belowMin.success).toBe(false);
+    if (!belowMin.success) expect(belowMin.error.issues[0]?.path).toContain('subSortIndex');
+
+    // A valid integer >= 1 must pass (guards against a mutant rejecting all values).
+    expect(InboundDbFieldsSchema.partial().safeParse({ subSortIndex: 5 }).success).toBe(true);
    expect(InboundDbFieldsSchema.parse({}).subSortIndex).toBe(1);
  });
 });
--- a/frontend/src/test/inbound-form-modal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/inbound-form-modal.test.tsx
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, act } from '@testing-library/react';

 import InboundFormModal from '@/pages/inbounds/form/InboundFormModal';
 import { DBInbound } from '@/models/dbinbound';
@ -31,15 +31,30 @@ describe('InboundFormModal', () => {
    expect(fieldLabels().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  });

-  it('field structure is stable for every protocol', () => {
+  it('field structure differs per protocol (not a vacuous snapshot loop)', async () => {
    renderModal();
    const protocols = listSelectOptions('protocol');
    expect(protocols.length).toBeGreaterThan(3);
+
+    const labelsByProto: Record<string, string[]> = {};
    for (const proto of protocols) {
      chooseSelectOption('protocol', proto);
-      expect(fieldLabels()).toMatchSnapshot(proto);
+      // Flush antd Form.useWatch('protocol') before reading — without it every iteration
+      // sees the same pre-update DOM and the loop asserts nothing (the original bug here).
+      await act(async () => { await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0)); });
+      labelsByProto[proto] = fieldLabels();
    }
-  });
+
+    // The loop must actually exercise protocol-specific rendering: distinct protocols
+    // must yield distinct field sets (a vacuous loop makes them all identical).
+    const distinctShapes = new Set(Object.values(labelsByProto).map((l) => l.join('|')));
+    expect(distinctShapes.size).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+
+    // Spot-check a protocol-distinguishing field that must appear after the switch.
+    if (labelsByProto.shadowsocks) {
+      expect(labelsByProto.shadowsocks).toContain('Encryption method');
+    }
+  }, 30000); // iterates every protocol, re-rendering a heavy modal each time — slow on CI runners

  it('preserves custom share address strategy when editing a local inbound', async () => {
    renderWithProviders(
--- a/frontend/src/test/outbound-form-modal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/outbound-form-modal.test.tsx
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { act } from '@testing-library/react';

 import OutboundFormModal from '@/pages/xray/outbounds/OutboundFormModal';
 import {
@ -27,13 +28,30 @@ describe('OutboundFormModal', () => {
    expect(fieldLabels().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  });

-  it('field structure is stable for every protocol', () => {
+  it('field structure differs per protocol (not a vacuous snapshot loop)', async () => {
    renderModal(null);
    const protocols = listSelectOptions('protocol');
    expect(protocols.length).toBeGreaterThan(3);
+
+    const labelsByProto: Record<string, string[]> = {};
    for (const proto of protocols) {
      chooseSelectOption('protocol', proto);
-      expect(fieldLabels()).toMatchSnapshot(proto);
+      // Flush antd Form.useWatch('protocol') so protocol-specific fields render before
+      // reading; otherwise every iteration sees the same default (vless) DOM.
+      await act(async () => { await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0)); });
+      labelsByProto[proto] = fieldLabels();
    }
-  });
+
+    // Distinct protocols must yield distinct field sets (a vacuous loop is all-identical).
+    const distinctShapes = new Set(Object.values(labelsByProto).map((l) => l.join('|')));
+    expect(distinctShapes.size).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+
+    // vless carries an Encryption field; wireguard does not — proves real protocol switching.
+    if (labelsByProto.vless) {
+      expect(labelsByProto.vless).toContain('Encryption');
+    }
+    if (labelsByProto.wireguard) {
+      expect(labelsByProto.wireguard).not.toContain('Encryption');
+    }
+  }, 30000); // iterates every protocol, re-rendering a heavy modal each time — slow on CI runners
 });
--- a/frontend/src/test/protocols.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/test/protocols.test.ts
@ -27,3 +27,35 @@ describe('InboundSettingsSchema fixtures', () => {
    });
  }
 });
+
+// The fixture tests above pin coerced values only via regenerable snapshots. These
+// assert the load-bearing transforms directly, so a broken coercion fails independently
+// of the snapshot baseline.
+describe('InboundSettingsSchema coercions', () => {
+  it('vmess: defaults alterId to 0 and coerces a string tgId to a number', () => {
+    const parsed = InboundSettingsSchema.parse({
+      protocol: 'vmess',
+      settings: { clients: [{ id: 'u1', email: 'a@b.c', tgId: '12345' }] },
+    });
+    if (parsed.protocol !== 'vmess') throw new Error('discriminator narrowed to the wrong protocol');
+    const client = parsed.settings.clients[0];
+    expect(client.alterId).toBe(0); // .default(0) injected for omitted field
+    expect(client.tgId).toBe(12345); // string -> number transform
+  });
+
+  it('vmess: a non-numeric tgId coerces to 0', () => {
+    const parsed = InboundSettingsSchema.parse({
+      protocol: 'vmess',
+      settings: { clients: [{ id: 'u1', email: 'a@b.c', tgId: 'not-a-number' }] },
+    });
+    if (parsed.protocol !== 'vmess') throw new Error('wrong protocol');
+    expect(parsed.settings.clients[0].tgId).toBe(0); // Number(v) || 0
+  });
+
+  it('vless: defaults decryption and encryption to "none"', () => {
+    const parsed = InboundSettingsSchema.parse({ protocol: 'vless', settings: { clients: [] } });
+    if (parsed.protocol !== 'vless') throw new Error('wrong protocol');
+    expect(parsed.settings.decryption).toBe('none');
+    expect(parsed.settings.encryption).toBe('none');
+  });
+});
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ require (
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
+	pgregory.net/rapid v1.3.0
 )

 require (
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -305,3 +305,5 @@ gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260122175437-89a5d21be8f0 h1:Lk6hARj5UPY47dBep70OD/TI
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260122175437-89a5d21be8f0/go.mod h1:QkHjoMIBaYtpVufgwv3keYAbln78mBoCuShZrPrer1Q=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.4.1 h1:I3Smz7gso8w4/TunLKec6K2fn+kyKtDxr/xcQEN84Wg=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.4.1/go.mod h1:QFosUxmjB8mnrWFSNwKmvxHpfY72bmD2tQ0kBMM3kwo=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.3.0 h1:vBvO0VSqti75J1jjYqpgPNBLKMd1+gxa9fYo7vk/Exc=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.3.0/go.mod h1:dPlE4OBBxgXPqkP79flB6sJL1dx5azpI7HQ9MY9Z7uk=
--- a/internal/config/config_mutation_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_mutation_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// copyFile is the workhorse invoked by init()'s Windows-only DB migration
+// (config.go:214), the branch guarded by the platform check on config.go:196.
+// The init() guard itself cannot be re-driven from an in-process test (init runs
+// once at package load, the OS check is a compile-time constant, and the old-DB
+// source path is hardcoded to a system location), so these tests pin down the
+// migration payload's contract instead.
+
+func TestCopyFileCopiesContents(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(dir, "src.db")
+	dst := filepath.Join(dir, "dst.db")
+
+	want := []byte("3x-ui sqlite payload\x00\x01\x02")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(src, want, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write src: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := copyFile(src, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("copyFile returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read dst: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(got) != string(want) {
+		t.Errorf("dst contents = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCopyFileMissingSourceReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(dir, "does-not-exist.db")
+	dst := filepath.Join(dir, "dst.db")
+
+	if err := copyFile(src, dst); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("copyFile with missing source returned nil error, want error")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dst); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Errorf("dst should not be created when source is missing, stat err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCopyFileOverwritesDestination(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(dir, "src.db")
+	dst := filepath.Join(dir, "dst.db")
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(src, []byte("new"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write src: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(dst, []byte("stale-and-longer"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write dst: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := copyFile(src, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("copyFile returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read dst: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(got) != "new" {
+		t.Errorf("dst contents = %q, want %q (truncated overwrite)", got, "new")
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/logger/logger.go
+++ b/internal/logger/logger.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/config"
@ -31,8 +32,10 @@ var (
 	logger     *logging.Logger
 	fileRotate *lumberjack.Logger // nil when file backend disabled

-	// logBuffer maintains recent log entries in memory for web UI retrieval
-	logBuffer []struct {
+	// logBuffer maintains recent log entries in memory for web UI retrieval;
+	// logBufferMu guards it — written from many goroutines, read by the web UI.
+	logBufferMu sync.Mutex
+	logBuffer   []struct {
 		time  string
 		level logging.Level
 		log   string
@ -193,6 +196,8 @@ func Errorf(format string, args ...any) {
 // addToBuffer adds a log entry to the in-memory ring buffer for web UI retrieval.
 func addToBuffer(level string, newLog string) {
 	t := time.Now()
+	logBufferMu.Lock()
+	defer logBufferMu.Unlock()
 	if len(logBuffer) >= maxLogBufferSize {
 		logBuffer = logBuffer[1:]
 	}
@ -214,9 +219,21 @@ func GetLogs(c int, level string) []string {
 	var output []string
 	logLevel, _ := logging.LogLevel(level)

-	for i := len(logBuffer) - 1; i >= 0 && len(output) <= c; i-- {
-		if logBuffer[i].level <= logLevel {
-			output = append(output, fmt.Sprintf("%s %s - %s", logBuffer[i].time, logBuffer[i].level, logBuffer[i].log))
+	// Snapshot (copy) under the lock, then filter/format unlocked: a UI log fetch
+	// must not block addToBuffer — and thus all logging — for the formatting loop.
+	// A copy (not a reslice) is required, since addToBuffer can append in place.
+	logBufferMu.Lock()
+	snapshot := make([]struct {
+		time  string
+		level logging.Level
+		log   string
+	}, len(logBuffer))
+	copy(snapshot, logBuffer)
+	logBufferMu.Unlock()
+
+	for i := len(snapshot) - 1; i >= 0 && len(output) < c; i-- {
+		if snapshot[i].level <= logLevel {
+			output = append(output, fmt.Sprintf("%s %s - %s", snapshot[i].time, snapshot[i].level, snapshot[i].log))
 		}
 	}
 	return output
--- a/internal/logger/logger_test.go
+++ b/internal/logger/logger_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestGetLogs_ReturnsAtMostC guards the documented "up to c entries" contract.
+// The loop condition must cap output at c (ERROR entries are queried at "debug"
+// level so the level filter passes all of them, isolating the count).
+func TestGetLogs_ReturnsAtMostC(t *testing.T) {
+	logBufferMu.Lock()
+	logBuffer = nil
+	logBufferMu.Unlock()
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		addToBuffer("ERROR", fmt.Sprintf("m%d", i))
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct{ c, want int }{
+		{0, 0},
+		{2, 2},
+		{5, 5},
+		{10, 5}, // capped at what's available
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		if got := GetLogs(tc.c, "debug"); len(got) != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("GetLogs(%d) returned %d entries, want %d", tc.c, len(got), tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/mtproto/manager_mutation_test.go
+++ b/internal/mtproto/manager_mutation_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package mtproto
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestParseMetricLineBraceBoundary pins the contract of the brace-position
+// guard in parseMetricLine (manager.go:425 -> `if end < brace`).
+//
+// Once a '{' is found at index `brace`, the matching '}' must appear AFTER it.
+// A '}' that precedes the '{', or a '{' with no closing '}' at all
+// (strings.IndexByte returns -1, which is < brace), is a malformed line and
+// must yield an error rather than slicing past the brace.
+func TestParseMetricLineBraceBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("closing brace before opening brace is malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// '}' at index 8 comes before '{' at index 16: end < brace must hold,
+		// so this is rejected. Mutating `<` to `>`/`>=` would accept it.
+		_, _, _, err := parseMetricLine(`mtg_x_a}_b{direction="x"} 5`)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for '}' appearing before '{'")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("opening brace with no closing brace is malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// No '}' at all -> end == -1, which is < brace. Must error.
+		// If the guard were dropped/inverted the code would slice line[brace+1:-1]
+		// and panic; asserting a clean error keeps that contract.
+		_, _, _, err := parseMetricLine(`mtg_traffic{direction="x" 5`)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for '{' without a closing '}'")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("well-formed braces are accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// '{' at index 11, '}' at index 25: end > brace, so the guard must NOT
+		// fire and parsing must succeed. Guards against a mutant that always errors.
+		name, labels, val, err := parseMetricLine(`mtg_traffic{direction="up"} 42`)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("well-formed line should parse: %v", err)
+		}
+		if name != "mtg_traffic" {
+			t.Fatalf("name=%q", name)
+		}
+		if labels["direction"] != "up" {
+			t.Fatalf("labels=%v", labels)
+		}
+		if val != 42 {
+			t.Fatalf("val=%v", val)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestParseMetricLineLabelEqualsBoundary pins the contract of the '=' guard in
+// the per-label loop (manager.go:430 -> `if eq < 0`).
+//
+//   - eq < 0  (no '=' in the segment): the segment is skipped, no label added.
+//   - eq == 0 (segment begins with '='): the key is empty but the pair is STILL
+//     parsed, producing labels[""] = value. The boundary is `< 0`, not `<= 0`.
+func TestParseMetricLineLabelEqualsBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("label segment without '=' is skipped, not fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// "novalue" has no '=' (eq == -1) and must be skipped. A real key=val
+		// segment in the same line must still be parsed. Mutating `< 0` to `> 0`
+		// would take kv[:eq] with eq=-1 and panic; mutating away the skip would
+		// also corrupt parsing.
+		name, labels, val, err := parseMetricLine(`mtg_traffic{novalue,direction="down"} 9`)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("line with a value-less label should still parse: %v", err)
+		}
+		if name != "mtg_traffic" {
+			t.Fatalf("name=%q", name)
+		}
+		if _, present := labels["novalue"]; present {
+			t.Fatalf("value-less segment must not create a label: %v", labels)
+		}
+		if labels["direction"] != "down" {
+			t.Fatalf("real label must still be parsed: %v", labels)
+		}
+		if val != 9 {
+			t.Fatalf("val=%v", val)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("label segment beginning with '=' is parsed as empty key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// "=onlyvalue": eq == 0. Since the guard is `< 0`, this is NOT skipped:
+		// it yields labels[""] = "onlyvalue". A mutant changing `< 0` to `<= 0`
+		// would skip it, losing the empty-key entry.
+		_, labels, _, err := parseMetricLine(`mtg_traffic{=onlyvalue} 1`)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("segment with empty key should still parse: %v", err)
+		}
+		v, present := labels[""]
+		if !present {
+			t.Fatalf("eq==0 segment must produce an empty-key label: %v", labels)
+		}
+		if v != "onlyvalue" {
+			t.Fatalf("empty-key label value=%q", v)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/internal/sub/clash_service_test.go
+++ b/internal/sub/clash_service_test.go
@ -41,6 +41,64 @@ func TestEnsureUniqueProxyNames(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// TestBuildProxy_VLESSRealityFieldsForClash locks the reality field mapping in
+// applySecurity (clash_service.go ~488): a regression that drops servername,
+// public-key, short-id, or client-fingerprint would hand mihomo a broken reality
+// proxy. The existing clash tests don't assert any of these.
+func TestBuildProxy_VLESSRealityFieldsForClash(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &SubClashService{SubService: &SubService{remarkModel: "-i"}}
+	inbound := &model.Inbound{Listen: "203.0.113.1", Port: 443, Protocol: model.VLESS, Remark: "r", Settings: `{"encryption":"none"}`}
+	client := model.Client{ID: "11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555"}
+	stream := map[string]any{
+		"network":         "tcp",
+		"security":        "reality",
+		"tcpSettings":     map[string]any{"header": map[string]any{"type": "none"}},
+		"realitySettings": map[string]any{"serverName": "reality.example.com", "publicKey": "PBKvalue", "shortId": "ab12", "fingerprint": "chrome"},
+	}
+
+	proxy := svc.buildProxy(inbound, client, stream, "")
+	if proxy == nil {
+		t.Fatal("buildProxy returned nil for a valid reality stream")
+	}
+	if proxy["tls"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("tls = %v, want true", proxy["tls"])
+	}
+	if proxy["servername"] != "reality.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("servername = %v, want reality.example.com", proxy["servername"])
+	}
+	if proxy["client-fingerprint"] != "chrome" {
+		t.Fatalf("client-fingerprint = %v, want chrome", proxy["client-fingerprint"])
+	}
+	opts, _ := proxy["reality-opts"].(map[string]any)
+	if opts == nil {
+		t.Fatal("reality-opts missing")
+	}
+	if opts["public-key"] != "PBKvalue" {
+		t.Fatalf("public-key = %v, want PBKvalue", opts["public-key"])
+	}
+	if opts["short-id"] != "ab12" {
+		t.Fatalf("short-id = %v, want ab12", opts["short-id"])
+	}
+}
+
+// TestApplyTransport_TCPHeader pins the tcp-header validation (clash_service.go ~359):
+// plain tcp and a "none" header are representable in clash; a non-none obfs header is
+// not, so applyTransport must reject it (returning false drops it from the YAML).
+func TestApplyTransport_TCPHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &SubClashService{}
+	if !svc.applyTransport(map[string]any{}, "tcp", map[string]any{}) {
+		t.Fatal("plain tcp must be buildable")
+	}
+	noneStream := map[string]any{"tcpSettings": map[string]any{"header": map[string]any{"type": "none"}}}
+	if !svc.applyTransport(map[string]any{}, "tcp", noneStream) {
+		t.Fatal("tcp + header type none must be buildable")
+	}
+	httpStream := map[string]any{"tcpSettings": map[string]any{"header": map[string]any{"type": "http"}}}
+	if svc.applyTransport(map[string]any{}, "tcp", httpStream) {
+		t.Fatal("tcp + non-none (http) header is not representable in clash and must be rejected")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestApplyTransport_XHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 	svc := &SubClashService{}
 	proxy := map[string]any{}
@ -228,4 +286,18 @@ func TestBuildProxy_VLESSNoneEncryptionOmittedForClash(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, ok := proxy["encryption"]; ok {
 		t.Fatalf("plain vless encryption should be omitted for mihomo: %#v", proxy)
 	}
+	// The rest of the proxy must still be well-formed — otherwise a mutant that
+	// drops encryption *and* corrupts a core field passes the absence check alone.
+	if proxy["type"] != "vless" {
+		t.Fatalf("type = %v, want vless", proxy["type"])
+	}
+	if proxy["server"] != "203.0.113.1" {
+		t.Fatalf("server = %v, want 203.0.113.1", proxy["server"])
+	}
+	if proxy["port"] != 443 {
+		t.Fatalf("port = %v, want 443", proxy["port"])
+	}
+	if proxy["uuid"] != client.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("uuid = %v, want %v", proxy["uuid"], client.ID)
+	}
 }
--- a/internal/sub/mutation_audit_test.go
+++ b/internal/sub/mutation_audit_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+package sub
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database/model"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/xray"
+)
+
+// initMutDB spins up a real temp SQLite DB for tests that exercise DB-backed
+// query helpers, mirroring the house pattern in service_sharelink/dedup tests.
+func initMutDB(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dbDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("XUI_DB_FOLDER", dbDir)
+	if err := database.InitDB(filepath.Join(dbDir, "x-ui.db")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InitDB: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.CloseDB() })
+}
+
+// --- json_service.go:40 — rules are merged into routing only when non-empty ---
+
+func TestSubJsonService_CustomRulesPrepended(t *testing.T) {
+	rules := `[{"type":"field","domain":["geosite:ads"],"outboundTag":"block"}]`
+	svc := NewSubJsonService("", rules, "", nil)
+
+	routing, ok := svc.configJson["routing"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("routing missing: %#v", svc.configJson["routing"])
+	}
+	got, _ := routing["rules"].([]any)
+	// default.json ships exactly 1 rule; the custom rule must be prepended.
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("rules len = %d, want 2 (custom prepended to default)", len(got))
+	}
+	first, _ := got[0].(map[string]any)
+	if domains, _ := first["domain"].([]any); len(domains) != 1 || domains[0] != "geosite:ads" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom rule must come first, got %#v", got[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSubJsonService_EmptyRulesLeavesDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := NewSubJsonService("", "", "", nil)
+	routing, _ := svc.configJson["routing"].(map[string]any)
+	got, _ := routing["rules"].([]any)
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("rules len = %d, want 1 (no custom rules → default untouched)", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+// --- json_service.go:331,356,408 — mux is attached only when configured ---
+
+func TestSubJsonService_MuxAttachedWhenConfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	const mux = `{"enabled":true,"concurrency":8}`
+	client := model.Client{ID: "uuid-1", Password: "p4ss"}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		raw      []byte
+		wantMux  bool
+		protocol model.Protocol
+	}{
+		{"vmess mux", NewSubJsonService(mux, "", "", nil).genVnext(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.VMESS, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), true, model.VMESS},
+		{"vless mux", NewSubJsonService(mux, "", "", nil).genVless(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.VLESS, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), true, model.VLESS},
+		{"server mux", NewSubJsonService(mux, "", "", nil).genServer(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.Trojan, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), true, model.Trojan},
+		{"vmess no mux", NewSubJsonService("", "", "", nil).genVnext(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.VMESS, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), false, model.VMESS},
+		{"vless no mux", NewSubJsonService("", "", "", nil).genVless(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.VLESS, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), false, model.VLESS},
+		{"server no mux", NewSubJsonService("", "", "", nil).genServer(&model.Inbound{Protocol: model.Trojan, Settings: `{}`}, nil, client), false, model.Trojan},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var ob map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(tc.raw, &ob); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal outbound: %v", err)
+			}
+			m, has := ob["mux"]
+			if tc.wantMux {
+				if !has {
+					t.Fatalf("mux must be set when configured, outbound = %#v", ob)
+				}
+				mm, _ := m.(map[string]any)
+				if mm["enabled"] != true || mm["concurrency"] != float64(8) {
+					t.Fatalf("mux payload wrong: %#v", m)
+				}
+			} else if has {
+				t.Fatalf("mux must be omitted when empty, outbound = %#v", ob)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// --- json_service.go:268 — a non-empty finalMask that merges to nothing must
+// not add the finalmask key (the `len(merged) > 0` guard). ---
+
+func TestSubJsonService_FinalMaskMergingToEmptyNotAdded(t *testing.T) {
+	// finalMask is non-empty (passes the len(fm)==0 early return) but its only
+	// key is an empty tcp slice, which mergeFinalMask drops → merged is empty,
+	// so applyGlobalFinalMask (json_service.go:268) must NOT set finalmask.
+	svc := NewSubJsonService("", "", `{"tcp":[]}`, nil)
+	stream := svc.streamData(`{"network":"tcp","security":"none","tcpSettings":{"header":{"type":"none"}}}`)
+	if _, ok := stream["finalmask"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("finalMask merging to empty must not add a finalmask key: %#v", stream["finalmask"])
+	}
+
+	// Sanity: a finalMask that DOES merge to something still gets set, so the
+	// guard is the only distinguishing factor.
+	svc2 := NewSubJsonService("", "", `{"tcp":[{"type":"fragment"}]}`, nil)
+	stream2 := svc2.streamData(`{"network":"tcp","security":"none","tcpSettings":{"header":{"type":"none"}}}`)
+	if _, ok := stream2["finalmask"]; !ok {
+		t.Fatal("non-empty finalMask must be set")
+	}
+}
+
+// --- json_service.go:494 — an empty extra tcp slice must not clobber the base ---
+
+func TestMergeFinalMask_EmptyExtraTcpKeepsBase(t *testing.T) {
+	base := map[string]any{"tcp": []any{map[string]any{"type": "keep"}}}
+	extra := map[string]any{"tcp": []any{}} // empty → must be ignored
+	merged := mergeFinalMask(base, extra)
+	tcp, _ := merged["tcp"].([]any)
+	if len(tcp) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("tcp len = %d, want 1 (empty extra must not drop or append)", len(tcp))
+	}
+	if first, _ := tcp[0].(map[string]any); first["type"] != "keep" {
+		t.Fatalf("base tcp mask lost: %#v", tcp)
+	}
+	// Sanity: a non-empty extra DOES append, so the guard is the only thing
+	// distinguishing the two paths.
+	extra2 := map[string]any{"tcp": []any{map[string]any{"type": "add"}}}
+	merged2 := mergeFinalMask(base, extra2)
+	if tcp2, _ := merged2["tcp"].([]any); len(tcp2) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("non-empty extra must append: len = %d, want 2", len(tcp2))
+	}
+}
+
+// --- service.go:69-77 — configuredPublicHost priority: subDomain > webDomain > "" ---
+
+func TestConfiguredPublicHost_Priority(t *testing.T) {
+	initMutDB(t)
+	db := database.GetDB()
+	set := func(key, val string) {
+		if err := db.Save(&model.Setting{Key: key, Value: val}).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("save %s: %v", key, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	s := &SubService{}
+
+	// Both empty → "".
+	if got := s.configuredPublicHost(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("no domains configured: got %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	// Only webDomain → webDomain wins (exercises the second branch, service.go:73).
+	set("webDomain", "web.example.com")
+	if got := s.configuredPublicHost(); got != "web.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("webDomain fallback: got %q, want web.example.com", got)
+	}
+
+	// subDomain set → subDomain takes precedence over webDomain (service.go:70).
+	set("subDomain", "sub.example.com")
+	if got := s.configuredPublicHost(); got != "sub.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("subDomain priority: got %q, want sub.example.com", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- service.go:248 — AggregateTrafficByEmails tracks the MAX LastOnline ---
+
+func TestAggregateTrafficByEmails_LastOnlineIsMax(t *testing.T) {
+	initMutDB(t)
+	db := database.GetDB()
+
+	rows := []xray.ClientTraffic{
+		{Email: "a@x", Up: 10, Down: 20, LastOnline: 100},
+		{Email: "b@x", Up: 1, Down: 2, LastOnline: 500}, // the max
+		{Email: "c@x", Up: 3, Down: 4, LastOnline: 300},
+	}
+	for i := range rows {
+		if err := db.Create(&rows[i]).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed traffic: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	s := &SubService{}
+	agg, lastOnline := s.AggregateTrafficByEmails([]string{"a@x", "b@x", "c@x"})
+	if lastOnline != 500 {
+		t.Fatalf("lastOnline = %d, want 500 (max across rows)", lastOnline)
+	}
+	// Up/Down must still sum so a mutant can't pass by zeroing everything.
+	if agg.Up != 14 || agg.Down != 26 {
+		t.Fatalf("agg up/down = %d/%d, want 14/26", agg.Up, agg.Down)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- service.go:329 — projectThroughFallbackMaster returns false for nil ---
+
+func TestProjectThroughFallbackMaster_Nil(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &SubService{}
+	if s.projectThroughFallbackMaster(nil) {
+		t.Fatal("nil inbound must yield false (no projection, no DB hit)")
+	}
+}
+
+// --- service.go:555 — empty client flow must not emit a flow param even when allowed ---
+
+func TestGenVlessLink_NoFlowWhenClientFlowEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// tcp+reality is a flow-allowed combo; with an empty client flow the
+	// len(...)>0 guard (service.go:555) must keep `flow` out of the link.
+	stream := `{
+		"network":"tcp","security":"reality",
+		"tcpSettings":{"header":{"type":"none"}},
+		"realitySettings":{"serverNames":["r.example.com"],"shortIds":["ab"],"settings":{"publicKey":"PBK","fingerprint":"chrome"}}
+	}`
+	inbound := &model.Inbound{
+		Listen:         "203.0.113.1",
+		Port:           443,
+		Protocol:       model.VLESS,
+		Remark:         "noflow",
+		Settings:       `{"clients":[{"id":"11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555","email":"user"}],"encryption":"none"}`,
+		StreamSettings: stream,
+	}
+	s := &SubService{remarkModel: "-ieo"}
+	if link := s.genVlessLink(inbound, "user"); strings.Contains(link, "flow=") {
+		t.Fatalf("empty client flow must not produce a flow param, got %q", link)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- service.go:906-913 — applyPathAndHostParams host source ---
+
+func TestApplyPathAndHostParams(t *testing.T) {
+	// Direct host wins (service.go:908 true branch).
+	params := map[string]string{}
+	applyPathAndHostParams(map[string]any{"path": "/p", "host": "direct.example.com"}, params)
+	if params["path"] != "/p" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /p", params["path"])
+	}
+	if params["host"] != "direct.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("direct host = %q, want direct.example.com", params["host"])
+	}
+
+	// No direct host → fall back to headers.Host (service.go:908 false branch).
+	params = map[string]string{}
+	applyPathAndHostParams(map[string]any{
+		"path":    "/p",
+		"headers": map[string]any{"Host": "via-header.example.com"},
+	}, params)
+	if params["host"] != "via-header.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("header host fallback = %q, want via-header.example.com", params["host"])
+	}
+
+	// Empty-string host must NOT shadow the header fallback (len(host) > 0 guard).
+	params = map[string]string{}
+	applyPathAndHostParams(map[string]any{
+		"path":    "/p",
+		"host":    "",
+		"headers": map[string]any{"Host": "via-header.example.com"},
+	}, params)
+	if params["host"] != "via-header.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("empty host must defer to headers, got %q", params["host"])
+	}
+}
+
+// --- external_config.go:39,42,55,58 — getClientExternalLinksBySubId ---
+
+func TestGetClientExternalLinksBySubId(t *testing.T) {
+	initMutDB(t)
+	db := database.GetDB()
+	s := &SubService{}
+
+	// No client rows for the subId → nil, no error (service.go path :42).
+	out, err := s.getClientExternalLinksBySubId("missing")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing subId err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if out != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing subId = %#v, want nil", out)
+	}
+
+	// A client with NO external-link rows → nil (the rows-empty guard :58).
+	bare := &model.ClientRecord{Email: "bare@x", SubID: "sub-bare", UUID: "u", Enable: true}
+	if err := db.Create(bare).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed bare client: %v", err)
+	}
+	out, err = s.getClientExternalLinksBySubId("sub-bare")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bare subId err = %v", err)
+	}
+	if out != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client with no links = %#v, want nil", out)
+	}
+
+	// A client with two link rows: ordering by sort_index and email/enable
+	// attribution from the owning client (the loop copies rec.Email/rec.Enable).
+	rec := &model.ClientRecord{Email: "owner@x", SubID: "sub-ok", UUID: "u2", Enable: true}
+	if err := db.Create(rec).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed client: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := db.Create(&model.ClientExternalLink{ClientId: rec.Id, Kind: model.ExternalLinkKindLink, Value: "trojan://b", Remark: "second", SortIndex: 5}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed link b: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := db.Create(&model.ClientExternalLink{ClientId: rec.Id, Kind: model.ExternalLinkKindLink, Value: "trojan://a", Remark: "first", SortIndex: 1}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed link a: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	out, err = s.getClientExternalLinksBySubId("sub-ok")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ok subId err = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(out) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("entries = %d, want 2", len(out))
+	}
+	// sort_index ASC: the SortIndex=1 row comes first.
+	if out[0].Value != "trojan://a" || out[1].Value != "trojan://b" {
+		t.Fatalf("ordering wrong: %#v", out)
+	}
+	// Email + Enable must be copied from the owning client, not the link row
+	// (which carries neither field). The enabled owner → Enable true.
+	if out[0].Email != "owner@x" || out[0].Enable != true {
+		t.Fatalf("attribution wrong: email=%q enable=%v", out[0].Email, out[0].Enable)
+	}
+
+	// A DISABLED client must produce entries with Enable=false, proving the
+	// value is read from the client row (Enable has a gorm default:true, so
+	// flip it with a raw UPDATE that bypasses the default).
+	dis := &model.ClientRecord{Email: "off@x", SubID: "sub-off", UUID: "u3", Enable: true}
+	if err := db.Create(dis).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed disabled client: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := db.Model(&model.ClientRecord{}).Where("id = ?", dis.Id).Update("enable", false).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("disable client: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := db.Create(&model.ClientExternalLink{ClientId: dis.Id, Kind: model.ExternalLinkKindLink, Value: "trojan://c", SortIndex: 1}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed link c: %v", err)
+	}
+	offOut, err := s.getClientExternalLinksBySubId("sub-off")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("off subId err = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(offOut) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled client entries = %d, want 1", len(offOut))
+	}
+	if offOut[0].Email != "off@x" || offOut[0].Enable != false {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled attribution wrong: email=%q enable=%v", offOut[0].Email, offOut[0].Enable)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- external_config.go:102 — applyRemarkToLink appends a fragment when none exists ---
+
+func TestApplyRemarkToLink_NoFragmentAppends(t *testing.T) {
+	link := "trojan://pw@1.2.3.4:8443?security=tls"
+	out := applyRemarkToLink(link, "DE-Node")
+	if out != link+"#DE-Node" {
+		t.Fatalf("no-fragment link must get the remark appended, got %q", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- external_config.go:111 — applyVmessRemark falls back to RawURLEncoding ---
+
+func TestApplyVmessRemark_RawURLEncodingFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	// The "aa?" ps forces a URL-safe char (_) in the RawURL encoding, so
+	// base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString fails and the RawURLEncoding fallback
+	// path (external_config.go:111) must take over. (ps is overwritten below,
+	// so its value is irrelevant to the assertions.)
+	payload := map[string]any{"v": "2", "ps": "aa?", "add": "1.2.3.4", "port": "443", "id": "uuid"}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
+	link := "vmess://" + base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+	// Guard the premise: this link must NOT be std-decodable, else the fallback
+	// branch is never reached and the test is meaningless.
+	if _, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(padBase64Sub(strings.TrimPrefix(link, "vmess://"))); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("test premise broken: link is std-base64 decodable, fallback not exercised")
+	}
+
+	out := applyRemarkToLink(link, "NL-Node")
+	if out == link {
+		t.Fatalf("raw-url-encoded vmess remark was not applied (fallback decode broken): %q", out)
+	}
+	// The result re-encodes with StdEncoding; decode and verify ps + credentials.
+	raw, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(out, "vmess://"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode out: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got["ps"] != "NL-Node" {
+		t.Fatalf("ps = %v, want NL-Node", got["ps"])
+	}
+	if got["id"] != "uuid" {
+		t.Fatalf("credentials lost via fallback path: %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- external_config.go:130 — padBase64Sub pads to a multiple of 4 ---
+
+func TestPadBase64Sub(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"":     "",
+		"a":    "a===",
+		"ab":   "ab==",
+		"abc":  "abc=",
+		"abcd": "abcd",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := padBase64Sub(in); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("padBase64Sub(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+		if len(padBase64Sub(in))%4 != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("padBase64Sub(%q) length not a multiple of 4", in)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- external_subscription.go:122 — base64 body decode strips embedded whitespace ---
+
+func TestDecodeSubscriptionBody_StripsWhitespaceInBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := "vless://uuid@a.com:443#one\ntrojan://pw@b.com:8443#two\n"
+	encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(plain))
+	// Inject whitespace into the base64 token; tryDecodeBase64Body must strip it
+	// (external_subscription.go:122) so decoding still succeeds.
+	half := len(encoded) / 2
+	dirty := encoded[:half] + "\n \t" + encoded[half:]
+
+	links := decodeSubscriptionBody([]byte(dirty))
+	if len(links) != 2 || links[0] != "vless://uuid@a.com:443#one" || links[1] != "trojan://pw@b.com:8443#two" {
+		t.Fatalf("whitespace-laden base64 body decoded wrong: %#v", links)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- clash_service.go:123 — duplicate proxy names disambiguate as base-N ---
+
+func TestEnsureUniqueProxyNames_SuffixSequence(t *testing.T) {
+	proxies := []map[string]any{
+		{"name": "node"},
+		{"name": "node"},
+		{"name": "node"},
+	}
+	ensureUniqueProxyNames(proxies)
+	if proxies[0]["name"] != "node" {
+		t.Fatalf("first occurrence must keep base name, got %v", proxies[0]["name"])
+	}
+	if proxies[1]["name"] != "node-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("second duplicate = %v, want node-2", proxies[1]["name"])
+	}
+	if proxies[2]["name"] != "node-3" {
+		t.Fatalf("third duplicate = %v, want node-3", proxies[2]["name"])
+	}
+}
+
+// --- clash_service.go:422,447 — empty transport opts must NOT add the *-opts key ---
+
+func TestApplyTransport_EmptyOptsOmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &SubClashService{}
+
+	// httpupgrade with no path/host → opts empty → no http-upgrade-opts key (clash:422).
+	huProxy := map[string]any{}
+	if !svc.applyTransport(huProxy, "httpupgrade", map[string]any{"httpupgradeSettings": map[string]any{}}) {
+		t.Fatal("httpupgrade must still be buildable")
+	}
+	if huProxy["network"] != "httpupgrade" {
+		t.Fatalf("network = %v, want httpupgrade", huProxy["network"])
+	}
+	if _, ok := huProxy["http-upgrade-opts"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("empty opts must not set http-upgrade-opts: %#v", huProxy["http-upgrade-opts"])
+	}
+
+	// xhttp with no path/host/mode → opts empty → no xhttp-opts key (clash:447).
+	xhProxy := map[string]any{}
+	if !svc.applyTransport(xhProxy, "xhttp", map[string]any{"xhttpSettings": map[string]any{}}) {
+		t.Fatal("xhttp must still be buildable")
+	}
+	if xhProxy["network"] != "xhttp" {
+		t.Fatalf("network = %v, want xhttp", xhProxy["network"])
+	}
+	if _, ok := xhProxy["xhttp-opts"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("empty opts must not set xhttp-opts: %#v", xhProxy["xhttp-opts"])
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/sub/service_dedup_test.go
+++ b/internal/sub/service_dedup_test.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package sub
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database"
@ -62,4 +63,35 @@ func TestGetSubs_DuplicateSettingsClients_Deduped(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(emails) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("emails = %d, want 1, got %v", len(emails), emails)
 	}
+	// Identity, not just count: the single surviving link must be for this client.
+	if !strings.Contains(links[0], uuid) {
+		t.Fatalf("surviving link must carry the client uuid %q, got %q", uuid, links[0])
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMatchingClients_DedupsCaseInsensitiveEmail pins the dedup KEY, not just the count:
+// the two entries differ only by email case, so dropping strings.ToLower (or keying on
+// another field) yields two clients. The byte-identical dupes above can't catch that.
+func TestMatchingClients_DedupsCaseInsensitiveEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	const subId = "s1"
+	const uuid = "11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555"
+	ib := &model.Inbound{
+		Protocol: model.VLESS,
+		Settings: `{"clients":[
+			{"id":"` + uuid + `","email":"Dup@Example.com","subId":"` + subId + `","enable":true},
+			{"id":"` + uuid + `","email":"dup@example.com","subId":"` + subId + `","enable":true}
+		]}`,
+	}
+	s := &SubService{}
+	got := s.matchingClients(ib, subId)
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("case-differing duplicate emails must dedup to 1 client, got %d", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Email != "Dup@Example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("first occurrence must be kept, got %q", got[0].Email)
+	}
+	// A wrong subId must still be excluded (guards the subId filter at service.go:127).
+	if other := s.matchingClients(ib, "nope"); len(other) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("non-matching subId must yield 0 clients, got %d", len(other))
+	}
 }
--- a/internal/sub/service_property_test.go
+++ b/internal/sub/service_property_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package sub
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"pgregory.net/rapid"
+)
+
+// TestProp_JoinHostPort_Bracketing asserts the RFC-3986 authority contract for any
+// host/port: SplitHostPort must recover the (un-bracketed) host and the exact port,
+// and an IPv6 literal is bracketed exactly once regardless of input brackets.
+func TestProp_JoinHostPort_Bracketing(t *testing.T) {
+	hosts := []string{
+		"1.2.3.4", "example.com", "sub.host.test",
+		"2001:db8::1", "[2001:db8::1]", "::1", "[::1]", "fe80::1%eth0",
+	}
+	rapid.Check(t, func(t *rapid.T) {
+		host := rapid.SampledFrom(hosts).Draw(t, "host")
+		port := rapid.IntRange(0, 65535).Draw(t, "port")
+
+		out := joinHostPort(host, port)
+
+		gotHost, gotPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(out)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("SplitHostPort(%q) failed: %v", out, err)
+		}
+		wantHost := strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+		if gotHost != wantHost {
+			t.Fatalf("host round-trip: joinHostPort(%q,%d)=%q -> host %q, want %q", host, port, out, gotHost, wantHost)
+		}
+		if gotPort != strconv.Itoa(port) {
+			t.Fatalf("port round-trip: got %q, want %d (out=%q)", gotPort, port, out)
+		}
+		// An IPv6 literal (contains a colon in the host) must be bracketed once.
+		if strings.Contains(wantHost, ":") {
+			if strings.Count(out, "[") != 1 || strings.Count(out, "]") != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("IPv6 host not bracketed exactly once: %q", out)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestProp_EncodeUserinfo_RoundTrip asserts encodeUserinfo produces a userinfo token
+// that net/url parses back to the original password for ANY input — the contract that
+// trojan/ss links rely on. A field-mapping mutant that mangles escaping breaks this.
+func TestProp_EncodeUserinfo_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	rapid.Check(t, func(t *rapid.T) {
+		pw := rapid.String().Draw(t, "pw")
+		raw := "trojan://" + encodeUserinfo(pw) + "@example.com:443"
+		u, err := url.Parse(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("url.Parse(%q) failed for pw=%q: %v", raw, pw, err)
+		}
+		if got := u.User.Username(); got != pw {
+			t.Fatalf("userinfo round-trip mismatch: pw=%q got=%q", pw, got)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestProp_SplitLinkLines_Invariants asserts splitLinkLines never emits empty or
+// untrimmed lines, and that re-splitting its own joined output is a fixed point.
+func TestProp_SplitLinkLines_Invariants(t *testing.T) {
+	rapid.Check(t, func(t *rapid.T) {
+		raw := rapid.String().Draw(t, "raw")
+		out := splitLinkLines(raw)
+		for i, line := range out {
+			if line == "" {
+				t.Fatalf("splitLinkLines emitted an empty line at %d for %q", i, raw)
+			}
+			if line != strings.TrimSpace(line) {
+				t.Fatalf("splitLinkLines emitted an untrimmed line %q", line)
+			}
+		}
+		rejoined := splitLinkLines(strings.Join(out, "\n"))
+		if len(rejoined) != len(out) {
+			t.Fatalf("not a fixed point: %d -> %d lines", len(out), len(rejoined))
+		}
+		for i := range out {
+			if rejoined[i] != out[i] {
+				t.Fatalf("fixed-point mismatch at %d: %q vs %q", i, out[i], rejoined[i])
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
--- a/internal/sub/service_sharelink_test.go
+++ b/internal/sub/service_sharelink_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package sub
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database/model"
+)
+
+// shareLinkInbound builds a VLESS inbound with one client and the given stream
+// settings, mirroring flowTestInbound but without forcing a flow.
+func shareLinkInbound(streamSettings string) *model.Inbound {
+	return &model.Inbound{
+		Listen:         "203.0.113.1",
+		Port:           443,
+		Protocol:       model.VLESS,
+		Remark:         "sharelink",
+		Settings:       `{"clients":[{"id":"11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555","email":"user"}],"decryption":"none","encryption":"none"}`,
+		StreamSettings: streamSettings,
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGenVlessLink_TLSParamsMapped locks every field that applyShareTLSParams
+// (service.go:1029) writes into a TLS share link. Without these assertions a mutant
+// that drops `sni`, swaps a key, or skips `pcs`/`alpn`/`fp` survives the whole suite —
+// the existing flow tests only check `flow=`.
+func TestGenVlessLink_TLSParamsMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := `{
+		"network":"tcp","security":"tls",
+		"tcpSettings":{"header":{"type":"none"}},
+		"tlsSettings":{
+			"serverName":"sni.example.com",
+			"alpn":["h2","http/1.1"],
+			"settings":{"fingerprint":"chrome","pinnedPeerCertSha256":["YWJj"]}
+		}
+	}`
+	s := &SubService{remarkModel: "-ieo"}
+	link := s.genVlessLink(shareLinkInbound(stream), "user")
+
+	// url.Values.Encode() percent-encodes values: "," -> %2C, "/" -> %2F.
+	wants := []string{
+		"security=tls",
+		"sni=sni.example.com",
+		"fp=chrome",
+		"alpn=h2%2Chttp%2F1.1",
+		"pcs=YWJj",
+	}
+	for _, w := range wants {
+		if !strings.Contains(link, w) {
+			t.Fatalf("TLS link missing %q\n got: %s", w, link)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGenVlessLink_RealityParamsMapped locks the reality field mapping
+// (applyShareRealityParams, service.go:1147). serverNames/shortIds are single-element
+// so random.Num is deterministic (index 0); spx is random so it is asserted by prefix.
+// Distinct pbk/sid values catch a pbk<->sid swap mutant.
+func TestGenVlessLink_RealityParamsMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := `{
+		"network":"tcp","security":"reality",
+		"tcpSettings":{"header":{"type":"none"}},
+		"realitySettings":{
+			"serverNames":["reality.example.com"],
+			"shortIds":["ab12cd"],
+			"settings":{"publicKey":"PBKvalue","fingerprint":"firefox"}
+		}
+	}`
+	s := &SubService{remarkModel: "-ieo"}
+	link := s.genVlessLink(shareLinkInbound(stream), "user")
+
+	wants := []string{
+		"security=reality",
+		"sni=reality.example.com",
+		"pbk=PBKvalue",
+		"sid=ab12cd",
+		"fp=firefox",
+		"spx=%2F", // "/" + random.Seq(15), percent-encoded leading slash
+	}
+	for _, w := range wants {
+		if !strings.Contains(link, w) {
+			t.Fatalf("reality link missing %q\n got: %s", w, link)
+		}
+	}
+	// A pbk<->sid swap must not silently pass: pbk must not carry the shortId.
+	if strings.Contains(link, "pbk=ab12cd") || strings.Contains(link, "sid=PBKvalue") {
+		t.Fatalf("reality pbk/sid mapping crossed: %s", link)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/util/common/format_mutation_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/common/format_mutation_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package common
+
+import "testing"
+
+// TestFormatTraffic_UnitBoundaries pins the exact switch point in the loop
+// condition `size >= 1024`: a unit must roll over at exactly 1024 (not 1023,
+// not 1025), and a value one byte short must stay in the lower unit. This kills
+// CONDITIONALS_BOUNDARY (>= -> >) and ARITHMETIC_BASE on the 1024 comparison.
+func TestFormatTraffic_UnitBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		bytes int64
+		want  string
+	}{
+		// Just below the first boundary: must NOT roll over to KB.
+		{"one_below_kb", 1023, "1023.00B"},
+		// Exactly at the boundary: must roll over to KB.
+		{"exactly_kb", 1024, "1.00KB"},
+		// Just above: stays in KB.
+		{"one_above_kb", 1025, "1.00KB"},
+		// Just below the MB boundary: stays in KB (proves division divisor 1024).
+		{"one_below_mb", 1024*1024 - 1, "1024.00KB"},
+		// Exactly at the MB boundary: rolls over to MB.
+		{"exactly_mb", 1024 * 1024, "1.00MB"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := FormatTraffic(c.bytes); got != c.want {
+				t.Fatalf("FormatTraffic(%d) = %q, want %q", c.bytes, got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFormatTraffic_ClampsAtPB pins the upper bound guard
+// `unitIndex < len(units)-1`: huge values must clamp at PB instead of indexing
+// past the units slice. A mutated bound (< -> <= via CONDITIONALS_BOUNDARY, or
+// len(units)-1 -> len(units)+1 via INVERT_NEGATIVES/ARITHMETIC_BASE) would run
+// one extra iteration and panic with index-out-of-range, so the assertion that
+// these return a normal "PB" string kills those mutants.
+func TestFormatTraffic_ClampsAtPB(t *testing.T) {
+	const pb = int64(1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		bytes int64
+		want  string
+	}{
+		// Stays at PB even though size is still >= 1024 at the PB level.
+		{"1024_pb", 1024 * pb, "1024.00PB"},
+		// Max int64 must not overflow the units slice.
+		{"max_int64", 9223372036854775807, "8192.00PB"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := FormatTraffic(c.bytes); got != c.want {
+				t.Fatalf("FormatTraffic(%d) = %q, want %q", c.bytes, got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/util/link/outbound_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/link/outbound_fuzz_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package link
+
+import "testing"
+
+// FuzzParseLink asserts the parser never panics and upholds its (result, error) contract
+// — exactly one non-nil. It base64-decodes and type-asserts attacker-controllable JSON,
+// the classic panic source.
+func FuzzParseLink(f *testing.F) {
+	seeds := []string{
+		"",
+		"not-a-link",
+		"vmess://eyJ2IjoiMiIsInBzIjoidCIsImFkZCI6ImEuY29tIiwicG9ydCI6IjQ0MyIsImlkIjoiMTExMTExMTEtMjIyMi00MzMzLTg0NDQtNTU1NTU1NTU1NTU1IiwibmV0IjoidGNwIn0=",
+		"vless://11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555@a.com:443?type=tcp&security=none#x",
+		"trojan://pass@a.com:443?security=tls#x",
+		"ss://YWVzLTI1Ni1nY206cGFzcw==@a.com:8388#x",
+		"hysteria2://pass@a.com:443?sni=a.com#x",
+		"wireguard://cGsdkey@a.com:51820?publickey=pub#x",
+	}
+	for _, s := range seeds {
+		f.Add(s)
+	}
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string) {
+		res, err := ParseLink(s)
+		if (res == nil) == (err == nil) {
+			t.Fatalf("ParseLink(%q): exactly one of (result, error) must be non-nil; got res=%v err=%v", s, res, err)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/internal/util/link/outbound_helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/link/outbound_helpers_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package link
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net/url"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDefaultPort(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		def  int
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"", 443, 443},
+		{"8080", 443, 8080},
+		{"0", 443, 443},     // non-positive falls back
+		{"-1", 443, 443},    // negative falls back
+		{"abc", 443, 443},   // unparseable falls back
+		{"65535", 443, 65535},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := defaultPort(c.in, c.def); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("defaultPort(%q,%d) = %d, want %d", c.in, c.def, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFirstNonEmptyAndParam(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := firstNonEmpty("a", "b"); got != "a" {
+		t.Errorf("firstNonEmpty(a,b) = %q, want a", got)
+	}
+	if got := firstNonEmpty("", "b"); got != "b" {
+		t.Errorf("firstNonEmpty(,b) = %q, want b", got)
+	}
+	p := url.Values{"x": {""}, "y": {"hit"}, "z": {"z"}}
+	if got := firstParam(p, "x", "y", "z"); got != "hit" {
+		t.Errorf("firstParam = %q, want hit (first non-empty)", got)
+	}
+	if got := firstParam(p, "x"); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("firstParam(only empty) = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitComma(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := splitComma(""); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("splitComma(empty) = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+	if got := splitComma("a, ,b ,, c"); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"a", "b", "c"}) {
+		t.Errorf("splitComma trim/skip = %v, want [a b c]", got)
+	}
+	if got := splitCommaOrDefault("", []string{"d"}); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"d"}) {
+		t.Errorf("splitCommaOrDefault(empty) = %v, want [d]", got)
+	}
+	if got := splitCommaOrDefault("x,y", []string{"d"}); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"x", "y"}) {
+		t.Errorf("splitCommaOrDefault(x,y) = %v, want [x y]", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPadAndBase64DecodeFlexible(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := padBase64("abc"); got != "abc=" {
+		t.Errorf("padBase64(abc) = %q, want abc=", got)
+	}
+	if got := padBase64("abcd"); got != "abcd" {
+		t.Errorf("padBase64(abcd) = %q, want unchanged", got)
+	}
+	std := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("aes-256-gcm:secret"))
+	if got, err := base64DecodeFlexible(std); err != nil || got != "aes-256-gcm:secret" {
+		t.Errorf("base64DecodeFlexible(std) = (%q,%v), want (aes-256-gcm:secret,nil)", got, err)
+	}
+	rawURL := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("m:p"))
+	if got, err := base64DecodeFlexible(rawURL); err != nil || got != "m:p" {
+		t.Errorf("base64DecodeFlexible(rawurl) = (%q,%v), want (m:p,nil)", got, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := base64DecodeFlexible("!!!not!!!"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("base64DecodeFlexible(garbage) should error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeHash(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := decodeHash(""); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("decodeHash(empty) = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+	if got := decodeHash("a%20b"); got != "a b" {
+		t.Errorf("decodeHash(a%%20b) = %q, want 'a b'", got)
+	}
+	if got := decodeHash("plain"); got != "plain" {
+		t.Errorf("decodeHash(plain) = %q, want plain", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCanonicalQuery_SortsKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	// unsorted input must come out key-sorted for a stable identity
+	got := canonicalQuery(url.Values{"c": {"3"}, "a": {"1"}, "b": {"2"}})
+	if got != "a=1&b=2&c=3" {
+		t.Fatalf("canonicalQuery = %q, want a=1&b=2&c=3", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// stream navigates res.Outbound["streamSettings"][key] as a map.
+func streamSub(t *testing.T, res *ParseResult, key string) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	ss, _ := res.Outbound["streamSettings"].(map[string]any)
+	m, ok := ss[key].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("streamSettings.%s missing/not a map: %#v", key, ss)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func TestParse_RealitySecurityMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	res, err := ParseLink("vless://uuid@h.com:443?type=tcp&security=reality&pbk=PBK&sid=SID&sni=SNI&fp=firefox&spx=%2Fspx&pqv=PQV")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	re := streamSub(t, res, "realitySettings")
+	for k, want := range map[string]string{"publicKey": "PBK", "shortId": "SID", "serverName": "SNI", "fingerprint": "firefox", "spiderX": "/spx", "mldsa65Verify": "PQV"} {
+		if re[k] != want {
+			t.Errorf("realitySettings[%q] = %v, want %q", k, re[k], want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParse_TLSSecurityMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	res, err := ParseLink("trojan://pw@h.com:443?type=tcp&security=tls&sni=SNI&fp=chrome&alpn=h2,http/1.1&ech=ECH&pcs=PCS")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	tls := streamSub(t, res, "tlsSettings")
+	if tls["serverName"] != "SNI" || tls["fingerprint"] != "chrome" || tls["echConfigList"] != "ECH" || tls["pinnedPeerCertSha256"] != "PCS" {
+		t.Errorf("tlsSettings fields = %#v", tls)
+	}
+	if alpn, _ := tls["alpn"].([]string); !reflect.DeepEqual(alpn, []string{"h2", "http/1.1"}) {
+		t.Errorf("alpn = %#v, want [h2 http/1.1]", tls["alpn"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParse_WSAndGRPCTransport(t *testing.T) {
+	ws, err := ParseLink("vless://uuid@h.com:443?type=ws&host=H&path=%2Fwspath")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse ws: %v", err)
+	}
+	wss := streamSub(t, ws, "wsSettings")
+	if wss["host"] != "H" || wss["path"] != "/wspath" {
+		t.Errorf("wsSettings = %#v, want host=H path=/wspath", wss)
+	}
+
+	grpc, err := ParseLink("vless://uuid@h.com:443?type=grpc&serviceName=svc&authority=auth&mode=multi")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse grpc: %v", err)
+	}
+	gs := streamSub(t, grpc, "grpcSettings")
+	if gs["serviceName"] != "svc" || gs["authority"] != "auth" || gs["multiMode"] != true {
+		t.Errorf("grpcSettings = %#v, want serviceName=svc authority=auth multiMode=true", gs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParse_TCPHTTPHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	res, err := ParseLink("vless://uuid@h.com:443?type=tcp&headerType=http&host=ex.com&path=%2F")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	tcp := streamSub(t, res, "tcpSettings")
+	header, _ := tcp["header"].(map[string]any)
+	if header["type"] != "http" {
+		t.Errorf("tcp header type = %v, want http", header["type"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseVless_CoreFields(t *testing.T) {
+	res, err := ParseLink("vless://the-uuid@9.9.9.9:8443?type=tcp&security=none&flow=xtls-rprx-vision#tag1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	st, _ := res.Outbound["settings"].(map[string]any)
+	if st["address"] != "9.9.9.9" || st["port"] != 8443 || st["id"] != "the-uuid" || st["flow"] != "xtls-rprx-vision" {
+		t.Errorf("vless settings = %#v", st)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseTrojanAndSS_CoreFields(t *testing.T) {
+	tr, err := ParseLink("trojan://secret@t.com:443?type=tcp&security=tls#tj")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse trojan: %v", err)
+	}
+	srv := tr.Outbound["settings"].(map[string]any)["servers"].([]any)[0].(map[string]any)
+	if srv["address"] != "t.com" || srv["port"] != 443 || srv["password"] != "secret" {
+		t.Errorf("trojan server = %#v", srv)
+	}
+
+	ssLink := "ss://" + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("aes-256-gcm:sspass")) + "@s.com:8388#ss1"
+	ss, err := ParseLink(ssLink)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse ss: %v", err)
+	}
+	ssrv := ss.Outbound["settings"].(map[string]any)["servers"].([]any)[0].(map[string]any)
+	if ssrv["address"] != "s.com" || ssrv["port"] != 8388 || ssrv["password"] != "sspass" || ssrv["method"] != "aes-256-gcm" {
+		t.Errorf("ss server = %#v", ssrv)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/util/netproxy/netproxy_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/netproxy/netproxy_test.go
@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package netproxy

 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@ -22,6 +24,10 @@ func TestNewHTTPClient(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "unsupported scheme errors", proxyURL: "ftp://127.0.0.1:21", wantErr: true},
 	}

+	// baseTransport clones http.DefaultTransport, whose Proxy and DialContext are already
+	// non-nil — so "!= nil" can't prove our proxy/dialer was applied. Check the real values.
+	defaultDialPtr := reflect.ValueOf(http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).DialContext).Pointer()
+
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			client, err := NewHTTPClient(tc.proxyURL, 5*time.Second)
@ -37,16 +43,36 @@ func TestNewHTTPClient(t *testing.T) {
 			if client.Timeout != 5*time.Second {
 				t.Errorf("timeout = %v, want 5s", client.Timeout)
 			}
+			// Empty proxyURL → a plain direct client with no custom transport.
+			if tc.proxyURL == "" {
+				if client.Transport != nil {
+					t.Errorf("empty proxy must yield a direct client (nil Transport), got %T", client.Transport)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("transport is %T, want *http.Transport", client.Transport)
+			}
 			if tc.wantProxy {
-				transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
-				if !ok || transport.Proxy == nil {
-					t.Errorf("expected transport with Proxy set for %q", tc.proxyURL)
+				// Prove the CONFIGURED proxy is applied: transport.Proxy(req) must
+				// return our URL, not the cloned default's ProxyFromEnvironment.
+				req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com", nil)
+				u, perr := transport.Proxy(req)
+				if perr != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("transport.Proxy returned error: %v", perr)
+				}
+				if u == nil || u.String() != tc.proxyURL {
+					t.Errorf("transport.Proxy(req) = %v, want %q (configured proxy not applied)", u, tc.proxyURL)
 				}
 			}
 			if tc.wantDial {
-				transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
-				if !ok || transport.DialContext == nil {
-					t.Errorf("expected transport with DialContext set for %q", tc.proxyURL)
+				if transport.DialContext == nil {
+					t.Fatal("DialContext is nil")
+				}
+				// Must be the socks5 dialer, not the cloned default DialContext.
+				if reflect.ValueOf(transport.DialContext).Pointer() == defaultDialPtr {
+					t.Error("DialContext is still the default; socks5 dialer was not applied")
 				}
 			}
 		})
--- a/internal/util/netsafe/netsafe_mutation_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/netsafe/netsafe_mutation_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package netsafe
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestSSRFGuardedDialContext_LiteralIPSkipsResolver pins the netsafe.go:37
+// decision (`if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil`). The string "fe80::1%eth0"
+// is rejected by net.ParseIP (returns nil) but accepted by the resolver, which
+// yields the link-local address fe80::1. With the branch intact, ParseIP returns
+// nil so the host falls through to LookupIPAddr, resolves to fe80::1, and is
+// blocked by IsBlockedIP -> the error mentions the resolved blocked address.
+// If the condition is flipped to `ip == nil`, the nil-IP literal path is taken
+// instead: ips = [{IP: nil}], IsBlockedIP(nil) is false, the guard never fires
+// and the error would never say "blocked private/internal address fe80::1".
+func TestSSRFGuardedDialContext_LiteralIPSkipsResolver(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := SSRFGuardedDialContext(context.Background(), "tcp", "[fe80::1%eth0]:80")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for link-local host with zone suffix")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "blocked private/internal address fe80::1") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected guard to block resolved link-local fe80::1, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSSRFGuardedDialContext_LiteralPrivateIPv6Blocked complements the above by
+// confirming that a valid IP literal (parsed by the line 37 branch) is still run
+// through IsBlockedIP and rejected with the literal in the message.
+func TestSSRFGuardedDialContext_LiteralPrivateIPv6Blocked(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := SSRFGuardedDialContext(context.Background(), "tcp", "[::1]:80")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected dial to ::1 to be blocked")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "blocked private/internal address ::1") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected '::1' literal in blocked error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeHost_LengthBoundary pins the netsafe.go:76 length check
+// (`len(addr) > 253`). A valid-pattern hostname of exactly 253 chars must be
+// accepted (kills `>` -> `>=` / off-by-one mutations of the bound), while the
+// same hostname at 254 chars must be rejected.
+func TestNormalizeHost_LengthBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	label := strings.Repeat("a", 61)
+	base := label + "." + label + "." + label + "." // 186 chars, valid pattern
+	h253 := base + strings.Repeat("a", 253-len(base))
+	if len(h253) != 253 {
+		t.Fatalf("test setup: expected 253-char host, got %d", len(h253))
+	}
+	h254 := h253 + "a"
+
+	got, err := NormalizeHost(h253)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NormalizeHost(253-char valid host) returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != h253 {
+		t.Fatalf("NormalizeHost(253-char host) = %q, want unchanged input", got)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := NormalizeHost(h254); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("NormalizeHost(254-char host) expected error, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeHost_PatternClauseIndependentOfLength pins the OR in line 76:
+// a short hostname (well under the 253 limit) that violates the pattern must
+// still be rejected. If `||` were mutated to `&&`, this short-but-invalid host
+// would slip through because the length clause is false.
+func TestNormalizeHost_PatternClauseIndependentOfLength(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"under_score.example.com",
+		"bad host",
+		"exa$mple.com",
+		"-leadingdash.com",
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		t.Run(in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if len(in) > 253 {
+				t.Fatalf("test setup: %q should be short to isolate the pattern clause", in)
+			}
+			if _, err := NormalizeHost(in); err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("NormalizeHost(%q) expected error for invalid pattern, got nil", in)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeHost_ValidShortHostAccepted ensures a short valid-pattern host is
+// accepted, so a mutation dropping the `!` on the pattern match (rejecting valid
+// hosts) is caught alongside the rejection cases above.
+func TestNormalizeHost_ValidShortHostAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	const in = "node-1.example.com"
+	got, err := NormalizeHost(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NormalizeHost(%q) returned error: %v", in, err)
+	}
+	if got != in {
+		t.Fatalf("NormalizeHost(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, in)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/web/middleware/security_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/middleware/security_test.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package middleware
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/web/session"
@ -80,7 +81,9 @@ func TestSecurityHeadersMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 	router.Use(SecurityHeadersMiddleware(true))
+	var capturedNonce string
 	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		capturedNonce = c.GetString("csp_nonce")
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
 	})

@ -101,6 +104,33 @@ func TestSecurityHeadersMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := headers.Get("Strict-Transport-Security"); got == "" {
 		t.Fatal("Strict-Transport-Security should be set for direct HTTPS")
 	}
+
+	// CSP is the highest-value header here: assert it stays nonce-bound with its hardening
+	// directives, so weakening it (unsafe-inline, dropped frame-ancestors, broken nonce) fails.
+	csp := headers.Get("Content-Security-Policy")
+	if csp == "" {
+		t.Fatal("Content-Security-Policy header must be set")
+	}
+	if capturedNonce == "" {
+		t.Fatal("csp_nonce context value must be set (the injected inline script reads it)")
+	}
+	if want := "script-src 'self' 'nonce-" + capturedNonce + "'"; !strings.Contains(csp, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("CSP script-src must be bound to the per-request nonce %q; got %q", want, csp)
+	}
+	for _, directive := range []string{"object-src 'none'", "frame-ancestors 'none'", "base-uri 'self'", "form-action 'self'"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(csp, directive) {
+			t.Errorf("CSP missing hardening directive %q; got %q", directive, csp)
+		}
+	}
+	// script-src must NOT allow 'unsafe-inline' (it would defeat the nonce). Check the
+	// script-src directive in isolation, since style-src legitimately uses unsafe-inline.
+	scriptDir := csp[strings.Index(csp, "script-src"):]
+	if i := strings.Index(scriptDir, ";"); i >= 0 {
+		scriptDir = scriptDir[:i]
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(scriptDir, "unsafe-inline") {
+		t.Errorf("CSP script-src must not allow 'unsafe-inline': %q", scriptDir)
+	}
 }

 func TestSecurityHeadersMiddlewareSkipsHSTSWithoutDirectHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/web/middleware/validate_mutation_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/middleware/validate_mutation_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// The accept side of validate.go:45 — `c.ShouldBindWith(&dst, binding.JSON)` must SUCCEED
+// for a well-formed JSON body and decode it into the destination struct. If the conditional
+// is flipped (err != nil -> err == nil) or the bind call is dropped, a valid body would be
+// rejected or the fields would come back zero-valued; both fail these assertions.
+func TestBindJSONAndValidate_ValidJSONDecodesAndPasses(t *testing.T) {
+	var got *sampleBody
+	r := newRouter(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var ok bool
+		got, ok = BindJSONAndValidate[sampleBody](c)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("expected ok=true for valid JSON; got false")
+		}
+	})
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/submit",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"port":443,"protocol":"vless","tag":"inbound-443"}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	r.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected decoded struct; got nil")
+	}
+	if got.Port != 443 || got.Protocol != "vless" || got.Tag != "inbound-443" {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded JSON mismatch: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// The reject side of validate.go:45 — a malformed JSON body must be caught by the bind
+// conditional, returning (nil,false) with a parse-error Message and NO validator Issues.
+// If the conditional is flipped so malformed input bypasses the bind check, control falls
+// through to validate.Struct on a zero-valued struct, which would instead emit validator
+// Issues (e.g. rule="required"/"gte"). Asserting empty Issues + non-empty Message pins the
+// distinct parse-failure path that line 45 owns.
+func TestBindJSONAndValidate_MalformedJSONRejectedWithoutValidatorIssues(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newRouter(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		if _, ok := BindJSONAndValidate[sampleBody](c); ok {
+			t.Fatal("expected ok=false on malformed JSON; got true")
+		}
+	})
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/submit",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"port":}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	r.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	msg := decodeMsg(t, rec.Body.String())
+	if msg.Success {
+		t.Fatal("expected Success=false on malformed JSON")
+	}
+	payload, err := payloadFromObj(msg.Obj)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("payload extraction: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Issues) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty Issues for a JSON parse error (not validator output); got %+v", payload.Issues)
+	}
+	if payload.Message == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty Message describing the JSON parse error")
+	}
+}
+
+// BindJSONAndValidateInto shares the same line-45-style bind conditional (line 57). Cover its
+// accept side: a valid JSON body must bind onto the caller-supplied destination and pass,
+// overwriting any pre-populated field. A flipped/dropped bind check leaves the destination
+// untouched (or returns false), which these assertions catch.
+func TestBindJSONAndValidateInto_ValidJSONBindsOntoDestination(t *testing.T) {
+	dst := &sampleBody{Tag: "preset"}
+	r := newRouter(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		if !BindJSONAndValidateInto(c, dst) {
+			t.Fatal("expected ok=true for valid JSON; got false")
+		}
+	})
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/submit",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"port":8443,"protocol":"trojan","tag":"inbound-8443"}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	r.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if dst.Port != 8443 || dst.Protocol != "trojan" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected JSON to bind onto destination; got %+v", dst)
+	}
+	if dst.Tag != "inbound-8443" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected payload Tag to overwrite preset; got %q", dst.Tag)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/web/runtime/remote.go
+++ b/internal/web/runtime/remote.go
@ -87,9 +87,6 @@ func (r *Remote) baseURL() (string, error) {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid node port %d", r.node.Port)
 	}
 	bp := r.node.BasePath
-	if bp == "" {
-		bp = "/"
-	}
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(bp, "/") {
 		bp += "/"
 	}
--- a/internal/web/runtime/remote_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/runtime/remote_test.go
@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 package runtime

 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database/model"
 )

+type stubEgress struct{ url string }
+
+func (s stubEgress) NodeEgressProxyURL(int) string { return s.url }
+
 // cacheGetTag must resolve a remote inbound id even when the n<id>- prefix
 // sits on only one side: the node may store the bare tag while the central
 // panel pushes the prefixed form, or vice versa. Without this a mismatch makes
@ -50,6 +58,115 @@ func TestWireInboundIncludesShareAddressFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestRemoteHTTPClientEgressProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	// OutboundTag + a resolver → a dedicated proxy client (not the shared default).
+	withTag := NewRemote(&model.Node{Id: 1, Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "verify", OutboundTag: "warp"}, stubEgress{url: "socks5://127.0.0.1:1080"})
+	c, err := withTag.httpClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("httpClient: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c == defaultNodeHTTPClient {
+		t.Fatal("OutboundTag + resolver must produce a dedicated egress client, not the shared default")
+	}
+	// No OutboundTag → no egress proxy → shared default client (verify mode).
+	noTag := NewRemote(&model.Node{Id: 2, Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "verify"}, stubEgress{url: "socks5://127.0.0.1:1080"})
+	c2, err := noTag.httpClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("httpClient: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c2 != defaultNodeHTTPClient {
+		t.Fatal("no OutboundTag must use the shared default client")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoteDoSetsContentType(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotCT string
+	srv := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotCT = r.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"success":true}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	r := NewRemote(nodeForServer(t, srv, "skip", ""), nil)
+	if _, err := r.do(context.Background(), http.MethodPost, "x", url.Values{"a": {"b"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("do: %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotCT != "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" {
+		t.Fatalf("Content-Type = %q, want application/x-www-form-urlencoded", gotCT)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoteBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		scheme  string
+		port    int
+		bp      string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"https default path", "https", 443, "", "https://example.com:443/", false},
+		{"http custom path gets trailing slash", "http", 8080, "/panel", "http://example.com:8080/panel/", false},
+		{"empty scheme defaults to https", "", 2096, "/", "https://example.com:2096/", false},
+		{"invalid scheme defaults to https", "ftp", 2096, "/", "https://example.com:2096/", false},
+		{"port zero rejected", "https", 0, "/", "", true},
+		{"port above range rejected", "https", 65536, "/", "", true},
+		{"negative port rejected", "https", -1, "/", "", true},
+		{"max port accepted", "https", 65535, "/", "https://example.com:65535/", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := NewRemote(&model.Node{Address: "example.com", Scheme: c.scheme, Port: c.port, BasePath: c.bp}, nil)
+			got, err := r.baseURL()
+			if c.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error for scheme=%q port=%d", c.scheme, c.port)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got != c.want {
+				t.Fatalf("baseURL = %q, want %q", got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsNonEmptySlice(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   any
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"non-empty slice", []any{1}, true},
+		{"empty slice", []any{}, false},
+		{"nil slice", []any(nil), false},
+		{"not a slice", "x", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isNonEmptySlice(c.in); got != c.want {
+				t.Fatalf("isNonEmptySlice(%#v) = %v, want %v", c.in, got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWireInboundTrafficReset(t *testing.T) {
+	with := wireInbound(&model.Inbound{TrafficReset: "daily"})
+	if got := with.Get("trafficReset"); got != "daily" {
+		t.Fatalf("trafficReset = %q, want daily", got)
+	}
+	// Empty TrafficReset must be omitted entirely, not sent as an empty field.
+	without := wireInbound(&model.Inbound{})
+	if without.Has("trafficReset") {
+		t.Fatalf("trafficReset must be omitted when empty, got %q", without.Get("trafficReset"))
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWireInboundDefaultsShareAddressStrategy(t *testing.T) {
 	values := wireInbound(&model.Inbound{})

--- a/internal/web/runtime/tls_client_property_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/runtime/tls_client_property_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package runtime
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"pgregory.net/rapid"
+)
+
+func insertColons(h string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for i := 0; i < len(h); i += 2 {
+		if i > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte(':')
+		}
+		b.WriteString(h[i : i+2])
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// TestProp_DecodeCertPin_FormatAgnostic asserts that for ANY 32-byte pin, every
+// accepted encoding (hex lower/upper, openssl colon-hex, base64 std/raw/url) decodes
+// back to the same bytes. Generalizes the fixed-input TestDecodeCertPin so a mutant
+// that breaks one decoding path is caught across the whole input space.
+func TestProp_DecodeCertPin_FormatAgnostic(t *testing.T) {
+	rapid.Check(t, func(t *rapid.T) {
+		raw := rapid.SliceOfN(rapid.Byte(), sha256.Size, sha256.Size).Draw(t, "raw")
+		hx := hex.EncodeToString(raw)
+		forms := []string{
+			hx,
+			strings.ToUpper(hx),
+			insertColons(hx),
+			base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw),
+			base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw),
+			base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(raw),
+			base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(raw),
+		}
+		for _, f := range forms {
+			got, err := DecodeCertPin(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("DecodeCertPin(%q) errored: %v", f, err)
+			}
+			if !bytes.Equal(got, raw) {
+				t.Fatalf("DecodeCertPin(%q) = %x, want %x", f, got, raw)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// FuzzDecodeCertPin asserts the security-load-bearing decoder never panics, never
+// returns a non-32-byte slice with a nil error, and never returns bytes alongside an
+// error. Seeded from the known-good/known-bad cases.
+func FuzzDecodeCertPin(f *testing.F) {
+	seed := sha256.Sum256([]byte("seed"))
+	f.Add(hex.EncodeToString(seed[:]))
+	f.Add(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(seed[:]))
+	f.Add(insertColons(hex.EncodeToString(seed[:])))
+	f.Add("")
+	f.Add("not-a-pin")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string) {
+		got, err := DecodeCertPin(s)
+		if err == nil && len(got) != sha256.Size {
+			t.Fatalf("DecodeCertPin(%q): nil error but %d bytes, want %d", s, len(got), sha256.Size)
+		}
+		if err != nil && got != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("DecodeCertPin(%q): error %v but returned bytes %x", s, err, got)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/internal/web/runtime/tls_client_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/runtime/tls_client_test.go
@ -116,8 +116,67 @@ func TestHTTPClientForNodeVerifyShared(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestHTTPClientForNodePinInvalid(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, err := HTTPClientForNode(&model.Node{Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "pin", PinnedCertSha256: "not-a-pin"}, ""); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid pin")
+	// pin mode must fail closed, and with a specific error per cause — not merely
+	// "some error" (which a bug anywhere in the build path would also satisfy).
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		pin     string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{"garbage pin", "not-a-pin", "must be a SHA-256 hash"},
+		{"empty pin", "", "certificate pin is empty"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := HTTPClientForNode(&model.Node{Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "pin", PinnedCertSha256: c.pin}, "")
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error for pin %q", c.pin)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), c.wantErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %q, want it to contain %q", err.Error(), c.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHTTPClientForNode_ProxyPinPreservesPinEnforcement covers the proxy+pin branch
+// (tls_client.go:43-52): when a node uses a proxy AND pin mode, the proxy client's
+// transport must carry the pinning tls.Config (the `transport.TLSClientConfig = tlsCfg`
+// line). Dropping it would silently disable certificate pinning whenever a proxy is set.
+func TestHTTPClientForNode_ProxyPinPreservesPinEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
+	pin := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, sha256.Size))
+	n := &model.Node{Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "pin", PinnedCertSha256: pin}
+
+	c, err := HTTPClientForNode(n, "socks5://127.0.0.1:1080")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HTTPClientForNode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c == defaultNodeHTTPClient {
+		t.Fatal("proxy client must not be the shared default client")
+	}
+	tr, ok := c.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("transport is %T, want *http.Transport", c.Transport)
+	}
+	if tr.TLSClientConfig == nil || tr.TLSClientConfig.VerifyConnection == nil {
+		t.Fatal("pin mode over a proxy must install a pinning tls.Config (VerifyConnection); pin enforcement was dropped")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHTTPClientForNode_ProxyVerifyNoPin covers the proxy+verify branch
+// (tls_client.go:40-42): verify mode over a proxy returns the proxy client as-is,
+// using system-CA verification and NOT a pin VerifyConnection.
+func TestHTTPClientForNode_ProxyVerifyNoPin(t *testing.T) {
+	n := &model.Node{Scheme: "https", TlsVerifyMode: "verify"}
+	c, err := HTTPClientForNode(n, "socks5://127.0.0.1:1080")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HTTPClientForNode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c == defaultNodeHTTPClient {
+		t.Fatal("proxy client must not be the shared default client")
+	}
+	if tr, ok := c.Transport.(*http.Transport); ok && tr.TLSClientConfig != nil && tr.TLSClientConfig.VerifyConnection != nil {
+		t.Fatal("verify mode must not install a pin VerifyConnection")
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/web/service/inbound_migration.go
+++ b/internal/web/service/inbound_migration.go
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func (s *InboundService) MigrationRequirements() {
 			SET tag = REPLACE(tag, '0.0.0.0:', '')
 			WHERE position('0.0.0.0:' in tag) > 0;`
 	}
-	err = tx.Raw(tagCleanup).Error
+	err = tx.Exec(tagCleanup).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
--- a/internal/web/service/inbound_migration_test.go
+++ b/internal/web/service/inbound_migration_test.go
@ -90,6 +90,45 @@ func TestMigrationRequirements_BackfillsClientTrafficsWithMultiDomainInbound(t *
 	}
 }

+// TestMigrationRequirements_CleansLegacyZeroAddrTag guards the legacy tag cleanup that
+// strips the auto-generated "0.0.0.0:" prefix. The inbound is MultiDomain TLS so the
+// externalProxy detection query returns rows and the cleanup is reached (it early-returns
+// at len(externalProxy)==0 otherwise). The cleanup must use tx.Exec, not tx.Raw, which
+// only builds a non-SELECT statement without running it.
+func TestMigrationRequirements_CleansLegacyZeroAddrTag(t *testing.T) {
+	dbDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("XUI_DB_FOLDER", dbDir)
+	if err := database.InitDB(filepath.Join(dbDir, "x-ui.db")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InitDB: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.CloseDB() })
+
+	db := database.GetDB()
+	legacy := &model.Inbound{
+		UserId:         1,
+		Tag:            "inbound-0.0.0.0:30002",
+		Enable:         true,
+		Port:           30002,
+		Protocol:       model.VLESS,
+		Settings:       `{"clients":[]}`,
+		StreamSettings: `{"security":"tls","tlsSettings":{"settings":{"domains":[{"domain":"example.com"}]}}}`,
+	}
+	if err := db.Create(legacy).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create legacy inbound: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := InboundService{}
+	svc.MigrationRequirements()
+
+	var got model.Inbound
+	if err := db.First(&got, legacy.Id).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("reload inbound: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Tag != "inbound-30002" {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy 0.0.0.0: tag not stripped: got %q, want %q", got.Tag, "inbound-30002")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMigrationRequirements_NormalizesShareAddressFields(t *testing.T) {
 	setupConflictDB(t)
 	db := database.GetDB()
--- a/internal/xray/mutation_audit_test.go
+++ b/internal/xray/mutation_audit_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+package xray
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/util/json_util"
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// hot_diff.go mutation audits
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TestDiffOutbounds_EmptyOutboundsNoPanic pins hot_diff.go:154 — the
+// `len(oldOut) > 0` guard that protects the oldOut[0]/newOut[0] index. With no
+// outbounds on either side the first-outbound identity check must be SKIPPED
+// (an empty hot diff), never executed; a mutated guard (`>= 0`) would index a
+// nil slice and panic.
+func TestDiffOutbounds_EmptyOutboundsNoPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	oldCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	oldCfg.OutboundConfigs = nil
+	newCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	newCfg.OutboundConfigs = nil
+
+	diff, ok := ComputeHotDiff(oldCfg, newCfg)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("identical empty-outbound configs must be hot-appliable")
+	}
+	if len(diff.RemovedOutboundTags) != 0 || len(diff.AddedOutbounds) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no outbounds on either side must yield no outbound ops, got %+v", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDiffOutbounds_SingleFirstOutboundChangeNeedsRestart pins the other side
+// of the hot_diff.go:154 boundary. With exactly ONE outbound, changing its
+// content touches the default (first) handler, which has no replace API — it
+// must force a restart. A mutated guard (`> 1`) would skip the first-outbound
+// check at this length and wrongly classify the change as hot-appliable.
+func TestDiffOutbounds_SingleFirstOutboundChangeNeedsRestart(t *testing.T) {
+	oldCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	oldCfg.OutboundConfigs = json_util.RawMessage(`[{"protocol":"freedom","tag":"direct"}]`)
+	newCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	newCfg.OutboundConfigs = json_util.RawMessage(`[{"protocol":"freedom","settings":{"domainStrategy":"UseIP"},"tag":"direct"}]`)
+
+	if _, ok := ComputeHotDiff(oldCfg, newCfg); ok {
+		t.Fatal("changing the only (default) outbound must force a restart")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRoutingWithoutReloadable_EmptyInput pins hot_diff.go:219 — the
+// `len(raw) > 0` guard that skips JSON decoding of empty input. Empty input
+// must canonicalize to the empty object `{}` with ok=true (no rules/balancers
+// to strip). A mutated guard (`>= 0`) would feed an empty reader to the JSON
+// decoder, get io.EOF, and wrongly return ok=false.
+func TestRoutingWithoutReloadable_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	out, ok := routingWithoutReloadable([]byte{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("empty routing input must canonicalize successfully")
+	}
+	if string(out) != "{}" {
+		t.Fatalf("empty routing input must canonicalize to {}, got %q", out)
+	}
+
+	// nil input behaves the same as empty.
+	out, ok = routingWithoutReloadable(nil)
+	if !ok || string(out) != "{}" {
+		t.Fatalf("nil routing input must canonicalize to {}, ok=%v out=%q", ok, out)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRoutingWithoutReloadable_StripsRulesAndBalancers complements the guard
+// test: with real content the reloadable keys (rules, balancers) are removed
+// and only the restart-only remainder is returned. This pins that a routing
+// change limited to rules/balancers leaves an identical remainder.
+func TestRoutingWithoutReloadable_StripsRulesAndBalancers(t *testing.T) {
+	a, ok := routingWithoutReloadable([]byte(`{"domainStrategy":"AsIs","rules":[{"x":1}],"balancers":[{"y":2}]}`))
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("valid routing input must parse")
+	}
+	b, ok := routingWithoutReloadable([]byte(`{"domainStrategy":"AsIs","rules":[],"balancers":[]}`))
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("valid routing input must parse")
+	}
+	if string(a) != string(b) {
+		t.Fatalf("rules/balancers must be stripped: %q != %q", a, b)
+	}
+	if string(a) != `{"domainStrategy":"AsIs"}` {
+		t.Fatalf("remainder must keep only restart-only keys, got %q", a)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestApiTagFromConfig pins hot_diff.go:357 — the three-part guard
+// `len(api) > 0 && Unmarshal == nil && parsed.Tag != ""`. Each conjunct must
+// hold for a custom tag to be honored; otherwise the default "api" is used.
+func TestApiTagFromConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		api  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"empty input falls back to api", "", "api"},
+		{"explicit tag honored", `{"tag":"my-api"}`, "my-api"},
+		{"empty tag falls back to api", `{"tag":""}`, "api"},
+		{"missing tag falls back to api", `{"services":["StatsService"]}`, "api"},
+		{"unparsable falls back to api", `{not-json`, "api"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := apiTagFromConfig(json_util.RawMessage(tc.api))
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("apiTagFromConfig(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.api, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestApiTagDrivesInboundRestartGuard ties hot_diff.go:357 to its consumer:
+// the api tag resolved from the api section is the tag whose inbound change
+// forces a restart. With a custom api.tag, changing that inbound must NOT be
+// hot-appliable (it carries the gRPC server the panel talks through).
+func TestApiTagDrivesInboundRestartGuard(t *testing.T) {
+	oldCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	oldCfg.API = json_util.RawMessage(`{"services":["HandlerService"],"tag":"custom-api"}`)
+	oldCfg.InboundConfigs[0].Tag = "custom-api"
+	newCfg := makeHotConfig()
+	newCfg.API = json_util.RawMessage(`{"services":["HandlerService"],"tag":"custom-api"}`)
+	newCfg.InboundConfigs[0].Tag = "custom-api"
+	newCfg.InboundConfigs[0].Port = 62790 // change the custom-api inbound
+
+	if _, ok := ComputeHotDiff(oldCfg, newCfg); ok {
+		t.Fatal("changing the inbound named by a custom api.tag must force a restart")
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// process.go mutation audits (pure-logic, cross-platform)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TestIsRunning_ExitedProcessWithClosedDone pins process.go:240 — the
+// `if p.done != nil` guard that decides whether to consult the done channel.
+// When the process has exited (done closed) but ProcessState has not yet been
+// observed, IsRunning must report false via the closed-channel select. A
+// mutated guard (`== nil`) would skip the select and wrongly report true.
+func TestIsRunning_ExitedProcessWithClosedDone(t *testing.T) {
+	p := newProcess(nil)
+	p.cmd = &exec.Cmd{Process: &os.Process{}}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	close(done)
+	p.done = done
+
+	if p.IsRunning() {
+		t.Fatal("a process whose done channel is closed must report not running")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIsRunning_LiveProcessWithOpenDone is the complementary case: an open
+// done channel and no ProcessState means the process is alive, so IsRunning
+// must report true (the select's default branch is taken).
+func TestIsRunning_LiveProcessWithOpenDone(t *testing.T) {
+	p := newProcess(nil)
+	p.cmd = &exec.Cmd{Process: &os.Process{}}
+	p.done = make(chan struct{}) // open
+
+	if !p.IsRunning() {
+		t.Fatal("a process with an open done channel and live cmd must report running")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetResult pins process.go:260 — the
+// `if len(lastLine) == 0 && exitErr != nil` choice between the captured log
+// line and the exit error string.
+func TestGetResult(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		lastLine string
+		exitErr  error
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{"no line, has error -> error string", "", errProcessTest("boom"), "boom"},
+		{"has line -> line wins over error", "last log", errProcessTest("boom"), "last log"},
+		{"no line, no error -> empty", "", nil, ""},
+		{"has line, no error -> line", "last log", nil, "last log"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := newProcess(nil)
+			p.logWriter.lastLine = tc.lastLine
+			p.exitErr = tc.exitErr
+			if got := p.GetResult(); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("GetResult() = %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type errProcessTest string
+
+func (e errProcessTest) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
+// TestRefreshLocalOnline_GraceBoundaryEmails pins the exact `<` boundary at
+// process.go:407: an email idle for EXACTLY graceMs must be aged out (the
+// window is half-open, age < grace). A mutated comparison (`<=`) would keep it.
+func TestRefreshLocalOnline_GraceBoundaryEmails(t *testing.T) {
+	p := newOnlineTestProcess()
+	const grace = int64(20000)
+
+	p.RefreshLocalOnline([]string{"edge"}, nil, 0, grace)
+	// now-ts == grace exactly: age is not strictly < grace, so it must drop.
+	p.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, nil, grace, grace)
+	for _, e := range p.GetLocalOnlineClients() {
+		if e == "edge" {
+			t.Fatalf("email idle exactly graceMs must age out (half-open window), got online %v", p.GetLocalOnlineClients())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// One millisecond inside the window must still be online.
+	p2 := newOnlineTestProcess()
+	p2.RefreshLocalOnline([]string{"edge"}, nil, 0, grace)
+	p2.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, nil, grace-1, grace)
+	if !containsString(p2.GetLocalOnlineClients(), "edge") {
+		t.Fatalf("email idle graceMs-1 must still be online, got %v", p2.GetLocalOnlineClients())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRefreshLocalOnline_GraceBoundaryInbounds pins the same `<` boundary at
+// process.go:423 for inbound tags.
+func TestRefreshLocalOnline_GraceBoundaryInbounds(t *testing.T) {
+	p := newOnlineTestProcess()
+	const grace = int64(20000)
+
+	p.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, []string{"in-edge"}, 0, grace)
+	p.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, nil, grace, grace)
+	for _, tag := range p.GetLocalActiveInbounds() {
+		if tag == "in-edge" {
+			t.Fatalf("inbound idle exactly graceMs must age out, got active %v", p.GetLocalActiveInbounds())
+		}
+	}
+
+	p2 := newOnlineTestProcess()
+	p2.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, []string{"in-edge"}, 0, grace)
+	p2.RefreshLocalOnline(nil, nil, grace-1, grace)
+	if !containsString(p2.GetLocalActiveInbounds(), "in-edge") {
+		t.Fatalf("inbound idle graceMs-1 must still be active, got %v", p2.GetLocalActiveInbounds())
+	}
+}
+
+func containsString(s []string, v string) bool {
+	for _, x := range s {
+		if x == v {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// process.go mutation audits (require a real child process; re-invoke the
+// test binary so they run cross-platform, no signals needed)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TestWaitForCommand_CrashExitRecordsError pins process.go:554 — the
+// `if err == nil || intentionalStop` guard. A process that exits with a
+// NON-zero code on its own (not an intentional Stop) is a crash and its error
+// MUST be recorded. A mutated guard that negates the err check (`err != nil`)
+// would early-return and drop the error.
+func TestWaitForCommand_CrashExitRecordsError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("XUI_LOG_FOLDER", t.TempDir())
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestMutationAuditHelper", "--", "crash-exit")
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "XRAY_MUT_HELPER=1")
+
+	p := newProcess(nil)
+	if err := p.startCommand(cmd); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("startCommand: %v", err)
+	}
+	// We never call Stop -> intentionalStop stays false; the child exits 2.
+	if err := p.waitForExit(5 * time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("child did not exit: %v", err)
+	}
+	if p.GetErr() == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a non-intentional non-zero exit must record an error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStop_RemovesTempConfigFile pins process.go:579 — the
+// `if p.configPath != ""` guard that removes the per-run temp config file on
+// Stop (so test runs never disturb the main config.json). A mutated guard
+// (`== ""`) would skip the removal and leak the temp file.
+func TestStop_RemovesTempConfigFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("XUI_LOG_FOLDER", t.TempDir())
+
+	tmpCfg := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test-config.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmpCfg, []byte("{}"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write temp config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestMutationAuditHelper", "--", "block")
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "XRAY_MUT_HELPER=1")
+
+	p := newProcess(nil)
+	p.configPath = tmpCfg
+	if err := p.startCommand(cmd); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("startCommand: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if p.IsRunning() {
+			p.intentionalStop.Store(true)
+			_ = p.cmd.Process.Kill()
+			_ = p.waitForExit(2 * time.Second)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !p.IsRunning() {
+		t.Fatal("helper process must be running before Stop")
+	}
+	if err := p.Stop(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Stop: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(tmpCfg); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("temp config file must be removed on Stop, stat err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMutationAuditHelper is the re-invoked child for the process tests above.
+// It is inert unless XRAY_MUT_HELPER=1 is set.
+func TestMutationAuditHelper(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("XRAY_MUT_HELPER") != "1" {
+		return
+	}
+	mode := ""
+	for i, arg := range os.Args {
+		if arg == "--" && i+1 < len(os.Args) {
+			mode = os.Args[i+1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	switch mode {
+	case "crash-exit":
+		os.Exit(2)
+	case "block":
+		select {}
+	}
+}